43rd Annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society
International Conference on Pharmacology and Translation Research is going to be held on 13-16th December, 2010
Contact & Venue: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION, ICMR, HYDERABAD
MAILING ADDRESS
Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar, Organizing Secretary, 43rd Annual National Conference of IPS-2010, National Institute of Nutrition
(ICMR), Jamai-Osmania PO, Hyderabad – 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA, Ph.: Direct. 91-40-27197303/278/322,
Mobile. 09849512563/09849082088, FAX. 27019074, Email. ipsnin@rediffmail.com, Website. www.indianpharmacology.org
Clinical Research Associate Responsibilities
The main function of a Clinical Research Associate (CRA) is to monitor clinical trials. He or she may work directly with the sponsor company of a clinical trial, as an independent freelancer or for a Contract Research Organization (CRO) or for a pharmaceutical organization. A clinical research associate ensures compliance with the clinical trial protocol, checks clinical site activities, makes on-site visits, reviews Case Report Forms (CRFs) and communicates with clinical research investigators.
Clinical Research Associate serves as a primary contact with individual investigational sites that conduct clinical trials. cRA performs and coordinates all aspects of the clinical monitoring process in accordance with ICH GCP and FDA guidelines and global SOPs to assess the safety and efficacy of investigational products and/or medical devices. He/She is responsible for ensuring that data will pass international quality assurance audits.
Performs site selection, initiation, monitoring and close out visits in accordance with contracted scope of work and good clinical practices.
CRA will
- Provides monitoring visits and site management for a variety of protocols, sites and therapeutic areas.
- Completes appropriate therapeutic, protocol and clinical research training to perform job duties.
- Administers protocol and related study training to assigned sites and establishes regular lines of communication with sites to manage ongoing project expectations and issues.
- Evaluates the quality and integrity of study site practices related to the proper conduct of the protocol and adherence to applicable regulations. Escalates quality issues to Clinical Team Lead and/or Line Manager
- Manages the progress of assigned studies by tracking regulatory submissions and approvals, recruitment and enrolment, CRF completion and submission, and data query generation and resolution.
- Creates and maintains appropriate documentation regarding site management, monitoring visit findings and action plans by submitting regular visit reports and other required study documentation.
Clinical Research Associate serves as a primary contact with individual investigational sites that conduct clinical trials. cRA performs and coordinates all aspects of the clinical monitoring process in accordance with ICH GCP and FDA guidelines and global SOPs to assess the safety and efficacy of investigational products and/or medical devices. He/She is responsible for ensuring that data will pass international quality assurance audits.
Performs site selection, initiation, monitoring and close out visits in accordance with contracted scope of work and good clinical practices.
CRA will
- Provides monitoring visits and site management for a variety of protocols, sites and therapeutic areas.
- Completes appropriate therapeutic, protocol and clinical research training to perform job duties.
- Administers protocol and related study training to assigned sites and establishes regular lines of communication with sites to manage ongoing project expectations and issues.
- Evaluates the quality and integrity of study site practices related to the proper conduct of the protocol and adherence to applicable regulations. Escalates quality issues to Clinical Team Lead and/or Line Manager
- Manages the progress of assigned studies by tracking regulatory submissions and approvals, recruitment and enrolment, CRF completion and submission, and data query generation and resolution.
- Creates and maintains appropriate documentation regarding site management, monitoring visit findings and action plans by submitting regular visit reports and other required study documentation.
Drug Safety Associate Responsibilities (Pharmacovigilance)
Drug Safety Associate manage activities relating to the collection, processing, follow-up, analysis, and regulatory reporting of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) for marketed products and investigational products.
The DSA ensures timely submission of reports regulatory agencies in accordance with applicable regulations and that all inquiries from the FDA and other drug regulatory agencies are responded to in a timely manner. The DSA will respond to inquiries from health care professionals, consumers, and company personnel regarding safety issues with marketed products; prepare periodic comprehensive written reviews of all assigned AEs; identify potential sources of product litigation, extract AE data from various clinical trial cases and spontaneous sources; manage case-related information including interpretation of medical conditions, lab results, and procedures as well as compile complete narrative summaries; and ensure proper coding (MedDRA) into the global AE database.
The DSA ensures timely submission of reports regulatory agencies in accordance with applicable regulations and that all inquiries from the FDA and other drug regulatory agencies are responded to in a timely manner. The DSA will respond to inquiries from health care professionals, consumers, and company personnel regarding safety issues with marketed products; prepare periodic comprehensive written reviews of all assigned AEs; identify potential sources of product litigation, extract AE data from various clinical trial cases and spontaneous sources; manage case-related information including interpretation of medical conditions, lab results, and procedures as well as compile complete narrative summaries; and ensure proper coding (MedDRA) into the global AE database.
Things to avoid while sending your resume
The commonest and most silliest mistakes one needs to avoid while applying a job online or by email.
1. Don't forget to attach you resume/cv. In all the emails employers recieve, atleast 20% of the jobseekers forget to attach their cv.
2. Naming structure of the resume.. I see so many CV's which are named as 'resume.doc, cv.doc, cv1.doc, cv_cra.doc'.. Imagine a situation wherein employer downloads your resume into a folder with 200 or 300 other resumes and when it has to be retrieved, can one figure out where did your resume go??
No, this decreases your chances my considerable percentage
3. Email written in chat language/sms language: Language like 'check out ma resume, attached ma cv for ur ref' may annoy employers.. your email will directly moved to trash.
4. Email copied to multiple organizations: I see so many emails where an I am one of the email recipients along with some hr from X, Y, Z companies. With this you are just saying that I need a job and I don't care where ever I get it..This has to be avoided and one email is better to send to that recipient..
5. Text should not be creative or fancy! Keep it simple and straight! Do not use unnecessary words or abbreviations. Avoid using images or pictures and fancy signature.
6. Attachments should be scanned for virus before sending.
7. Be careful about grammatical and spelling mistakes. Avoid using caps, keep it in sentence case if possible.
8. Be very careful while attaching a document. Make sure you don’t attach wrong file!! Name your attachment appropriately.
9. Don’t use terms like “To whomsoever it may concern” and “Kind Attention”
10. If you are not sure about the gender of the person, just put Hello. Don’t use Sir\Madam!
11. Close the letter using “Thanks and Regards”. Don’t put “Yours Sincerely” or “Yours Obediently” or “Only Yours” EV:>
1. Don't forget to attach you resume/cv. In all the emails employers recieve, atleast 20% of the jobseekers forget to attach their cv.
2. Naming structure of the resume.. I see so many CV's which are named as 'resume.doc, cv.doc, cv1.doc, cv_cra.doc'.. Imagine a situation wherein employer downloads your resume into a folder with 200 or 300 other resumes and when it has to be retrieved, can one figure out where did your resume go??
No, this decreases your chances my considerable percentage
3. Email written in chat language/sms language: Language like 'check out ma resume, attached ma cv for ur ref' may annoy employers.. your email will directly moved to trash.
4. Email copied to multiple organizations: I see so many emails where an I am one of the email recipients along with some hr from X, Y, Z companies. With this you are just saying that I need a job and I don't care where ever I get it..This has to be avoided and one email is better to send to that recipient..
5. Text should not be creative or fancy! Keep it simple and straight! Do not use unnecessary words or abbreviations. Avoid using images or pictures and fancy signature.
6. Attachments should be scanned for virus before sending.
7. Be careful about grammatical and spelling mistakes. Avoid using caps, keep it in sentence case if possible.
8. Be very careful while attaching a document. Make sure you don’t attach wrong file!! Name your attachment appropriately.
9. Don’t use terms like “To whomsoever it may concern” and “Kind Attention”
10. If you are not sure about the gender of the person, just put Hello. Don’t use Sir\Madam!
11. Close the letter using “Thanks and Regards”. Don’t put “Yours Sincerely” or “Yours Obediently” or “Only Yours” EV:>
Facing Interview in Clinical Research
The following are more important while attending an Interview
1. confidence
2. eye contact
3. voice should be pleasant
4. speak with slow speed and effectively using hands gesture
5. smile must at the time of entry, wrong answer,exit
6. show that you can sacrifice every thing for company
7. dress should be formal.light shirt dark pant. For girls cotton suit is preferred.
8. they also see your interest towards clinical research and company's growth.
visit company profile properly.
For HR interview you should have answers prepared in advance like
Tell me about your self?
Who is the role model and why?
drop reason?
short term goal or long-term goal?
What is the difficulty you faced in your life?
project experience and your contribution in same?
why to change your field from CRA/CDM to Phv or CR to Phv/CDM or vice versa?
Why you change your company?
Group Discussion is important than above things. come up with soft voice and strong
points.
1. say confidently
2. mark your fluency and pronunciation
3. speak in pleasant voice and only when find turn and for that use manner
raise your hand it shows courtesy.
4. Try to get actively involved in the group discussion.
5. address group rather than group coordinator.
6. try to initiate with permission and wish the group.
7. pay attention in group while discussion.
8. do not cross any one.
9. mind your body language.
10.at the time of exit do not forget to wish have a nice day to group
coordinator.
1. confidence
2. eye contact
3. voice should be pleasant
4. speak with slow speed and effectively using hands gesture
5. smile must at the time of entry, wrong answer,exit
6. show that you can sacrifice every thing for company
7. dress should be formal.light shirt dark pant. For girls cotton suit is preferred.
8. they also see your interest towards clinical research and company's growth.
visit company profile properly.
For HR interview you should have answers prepared in advance like
Tell me about your self?
Who is the role model and why?
drop reason?
short term goal or long-term goal?
What is the difficulty you faced in your life?
project experience and your contribution in same?
why to change your field from CRA/CDM to Phv or CR to Phv/CDM or vice versa?
Why you change your company?
Group Discussion is important than above things. come up with soft voice and strong
points.
1. say confidently
2. mark your fluency and pronunciation
3. speak in pleasant voice and only when find turn and for that use manner
raise your hand it shows courtesy.
4. Try to get actively involved in the group discussion.
5. address group rather than group coordinator.
6. try to initiate with permission and wish the group.
7. pay attention in group while discussion.
8. do not cross any one.
9. mind your body language.
10.at the time of exit do not forget to wish have a nice day to group
coordinator.
Study links severe drug reaction to herpes virus
A rare and dangerous reaction to a range of common medicines including antibiotics and anticonvulsants may be caused by a severe immune response to reactivated herpes virus.Researchers said their findings suggest that if doctors were to test for the herpes virus in patients suffering the drug reaction, they might be able to find ways to treat it and possibly stop it becoming more severe, or even fatal.The results should also help scientists find out what makes some people susceptible to the reaction, which is known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, or DRESS, and affects around one in 8,000 people who take the common medicines.
In a study into DRESS, also sometimes known as Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS), French scientists found the condition is actually an immune reaction prompted when a dormant virus is reactivated and the body's fighter T cells go into overdrive to fight it."It looks a bit like an autoimmune disease (in which the body attacks itself), but it's not really an autoimmune disease because the target (of the immune response) is a actually a reactivated virus," said Philippe Musette of France's National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), who worked on the study with other colleagues in Rouen.The main drugs that cause DRESS are anticonvulsants, often used for epilepsy, including carbamazepine, sold as Carbatrol by Shire, valproate, sold by Abbott Laboratories as Depakine and Sanofi-Aventis as Epilim, Lamictal from GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis' Trileptal and Pfizer's Neurontin.
FIGHTER CELLS
The reaction, which often appears in patients several weeks after using a medicine, can also be caused by a generic gout drug called allopurinol and by some antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole and minocycline, which is sold by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp under the brand name Solodyn.DRESS typically causes a combination of high fever, skin rash and inflammation of one or more organs, including the liver, kidneys, lungs and sometimes the heart. Around 10 percent of patients who develop DRESS die from it.Musette's team studied 40 patients who had developed DRESS drug reactions and found they had an excess of activated killer T cells -- fighter cells crucial to the body's immune system -- which were mistakenly attacking their own organs.To figure out what prompts the immune system to go into battle so fiercely, the researchers tested whether the patients showed any viral reactivation -- a development that had been previously noticed in some DRESS sufferers.Their results, which were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, showed that 76 percent of their study patients showed activation of previously dormant herpes virus."These results suggest that certain drugs may reactivate latent viruses lurking in patients' cells, sounding an alarm that triggers the release of killer immune cells that end up misguidedly attacking the body's own organs," the scientists wrote in a report of their work.
Musette said the findings also suggested doctors should test for herpes virus in every suspected DRESS patient and then try treating them with anti-herpes drugs or drugs which stop viruses from being reactivated, although he said much more research was needed into the type of medicines that might work.
In a study into DRESS, also sometimes known as Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS), French scientists found the condition is actually an immune reaction prompted when a dormant virus is reactivated and the body's fighter T cells go into overdrive to fight it."It looks a bit like an autoimmune disease (in which the body attacks itself), but it's not really an autoimmune disease because the target (of the immune response) is a actually a reactivated virus," said Philippe Musette of France's National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), who worked on the study with other colleagues in Rouen.The main drugs that cause DRESS are anticonvulsants, often used for epilepsy, including carbamazepine, sold as Carbatrol by Shire, valproate, sold by Abbott Laboratories as Depakine and Sanofi-Aventis as Epilim, Lamictal from GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis' Trileptal and Pfizer's Neurontin.
FIGHTER CELLS
The reaction, which often appears in patients several weeks after using a medicine, can also be caused by a generic gout drug called allopurinol and by some antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole and minocycline, which is sold by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp under the brand name Solodyn.DRESS typically causes a combination of high fever, skin rash and inflammation of one or more organs, including the liver, kidneys, lungs and sometimes the heart. Around 10 percent of patients who develop DRESS die from it.Musette's team studied 40 patients who had developed DRESS drug reactions and found they had an excess of activated killer T cells -- fighter cells crucial to the body's immune system -- which were mistakenly attacking their own organs.To figure out what prompts the immune system to go into battle so fiercely, the researchers tested whether the patients showed any viral reactivation -- a development that had been previously noticed in some DRESS sufferers.Their results, which were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, showed that 76 percent of their study patients showed activation of previously dormant herpes virus."These results suggest that certain drugs may reactivate latent viruses lurking in patients' cells, sounding an alarm that triggers the release of killer immune cells that end up misguidedly attacking the body's own organs," the scientists wrote in a report of their work.
Musette said the findings also suggested doctors should test for herpes virus in every suspected DRESS patient and then try treating them with anti-herpes drugs or drugs which stop viruses from being reactivated, although he said much more research was needed into the type of medicines that might work.
DCGI issues guidance on marketing approval of FDC drugs
The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has issued guidance for getting marketing approval of fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs in India. The draft has classified the FDCs into different categories and have stated various requirements for each in a detailed manner. These guidelines apply to manufacture, import and marketing approval of FDCs as a finished pharmaceutical product considered as new drug as per Rule 122(E) of Drugs and Cosmetics Act & Rules.
Appendix VI of Schedule Y (Drugs & Cosmetics Rules 1945) specifies the requirements for approval for marketing of various types of FDCs. The same is further elaborated in the draft to provide a detailed guidance for industry.The aim behind elaborating the requirements for approval for marketing as mentioned in the draft was because, "FDCs should always be based on convincing therapeutic justification. Each fixed dose combination should be carefully justified and clinically relevant." The draft guidance prepared by the government clearly put lots of focus on the importance on filing Form-44.
Another notable point highlighted in the draft is on the FDC's that are not marketed in India but the active ingredients are approved or marketed individually and it is likely to have significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic (PK/PD interactions. This group of FDCs includes those in which active ingredients already approved, marketed individually are combined for the first time for marketing in India, for a particular claim and where the ingredients are likely to have significant interaction of a PK/PD nature.
Appendix VI of Schedule Y (Drugs & Cosmetics Rules 1945) specifies the requirements for approval for marketing of various types of FDCs. The same is further elaborated in the draft to provide a detailed guidance for industry.The aim behind elaborating the requirements for approval for marketing as mentioned in the draft was because, "FDCs should always be based on convincing therapeutic justification. Each fixed dose combination should be carefully justified and clinically relevant." The draft guidance prepared by the government clearly put lots of focus on the importance on filing Form-44.
Another notable point highlighted in the draft is on the FDC's that are not marketed in India but the active ingredients are approved or marketed individually and it is likely to have significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic (PK/PD interactions. This group of FDCs includes those in which active ingredients already approved, marketed individually are combined for the first time for marketing in India, for a particular claim and where the ingredients are likely to have significant interaction of a PK/PD nature.
Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 to come in force from December 1, 2010
The recently released IP 2010, which was originally scheduled to come into force from September 1, 2010, will now be implemented from December 1, 2010, according to the Scientific Body of the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) which met at Ghaziabad on August 20. This was done to accede to the request of IDMA and other professionals to give some time for study and implement the new standards.
“We will provide all support to the functioning and upgrading of IPC so that it can fulfil all the needs of the ensuring quality of medicines produced, sold and exported from India. India pharmacopoeia laboratory has also updating and creating a modern containerization facility to prepare and pack reference substances that are required while testing drugs. A few reference standards are already available for supply to the industry and all efforts are made to enhance this service in the next few months. IPC has its office and laboratory located at Ghaziabad in UP” said Dr G N Singh, Secretary cum Scientific Director of IPC.
“We will provide all support to the functioning and upgrading of IPC so that it can fulfil all the needs of the ensuring quality of medicines produced, sold and exported from India. India pharmacopoeia laboratory has also updating and creating a modern containerization facility to prepare and pack reference substances that are required while testing drugs. A few reference standards are already available for supply to the industry and all efforts are made to enhance this service in the next few months. IPC has its office and laboratory located at Ghaziabad in UP” said Dr G N Singh, Secretary cum Scientific Director of IPC.
Cause of Breast Cancer Identified by Indian-origin Scientist
The trigger that sets off a chain of reactions brought together by a cancer-causing gene has been identified by a team of researchers led by an Indian-origin scientist.The gene has been identified as Wnt1, and may help explain why increased levels of a protein called MTA1 (metastasis-associated protein 1) are oncogenic in certain types of breast cancer.Wnt pathways govern normal processes like embryonic development and the communication between cells in healthy people.
But for reasons unknown, certain types of Wnt proteins sometimes go awry, sending off cascades of signals that turn normal cells into cancerous ones.
Rakesh Kumar at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and his team found that MTA1 expression triggers cancer-causing signals from Wnt1 in human breast cancer cells and this Wnt1 signalling cascade leads to tumours.
Because inflammation may drive MTA1, and since inflammation is believed to drive certain forms of cancer, the study shows one reason why cancer progression has been correlated with other inflammation-inducers.
The study has been published in the August 15 issue of Cancer Research.
But for reasons unknown, certain types of Wnt proteins sometimes go awry, sending off cascades of signals that turn normal cells into cancerous ones.
Rakesh Kumar at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and his team found that MTA1 expression triggers cancer-causing signals from Wnt1 in human breast cancer cells and this Wnt1 signalling cascade leads to tumours.
Because inflammation may drive MTA1, and since inflammation is believed to drive certain forms of cancer, the study shows one reason why cancer progression has been correlated with other inflammation-inducers.
The study has been published in the August 15 issue of Cancer Research.
Clinical Research Associate
Experience : 2 - 4 Years
Location : Hyderabad / Secunderabad
Education : B.Pharma ,B.Sc - Any Specialization,PG - M.Pharma - Pharmacy,M.Sc - Any Specialization
Job Description :Assist in all activites to Initate, interim monioiring and close outs of the clinical projects. Monitoring the clincial projects. Documentation / logs of the clinical projects at site and also clinical study documents filing at St Jude Medical. Preparation of Reports like monitoring and other as and when required. Co-ordinating with the Local FTEs / Sales people to ensure quality data collection and data management team.
Contact Details
http://www.sjm.com
Address:
St Jude Medical India Pvt Ltd
A and B, 2nd floor
Brij Tarang Building
Greenlands, Begumpet
HYDERABAD,Andhra Pradesh,India 500016
Location : Hyderabad / Secunderabad
Education : B.Pharma ,B.Sc - Any Specialization,PG - M.Pharma - Pharmacy,M.Sc - Any Specialization
Job Description :Assist in all activites to Initate, interim monioiring and close outs of the clinical projects. Monitoring the clincial projects. Documentation / logs of the clinical projects at site and also clinical study documents filing at St Jude Medical. Preparation of Reports like monitoring and other as and when required. Co-ordinating with the Local FTEs / Sales people to ensure quality data collection and data management team.
Contact Details
http://www.sjm.com
Address:
St Jude Medical India Pvt Ltd
A and B, 2nd floor
Brij Tarang Building
Greenlands, Begumpet
HYDERABAD,Andhra Pradesh,India 500016
Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1996
Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1996 :"The latest edition of the Indian Pharmacopoeia was published in 1996. Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, the Indian Pharmacopoeia is the legally recognised book of standards for the quality of drug substances and their preparations included therein.
DOWNLOAD
CD KEY : 1111-1111
DOWNLOAD
CD KEY : 1111-1111
The British Pharmacopoeia 2009(PDF)
"The British Pharmacopoeia" ("BP") 2009 is the authoritative, current collection of standards for UK medicinal substances and the official source of all UK pharmaceutical quality standards. It is an essential reference for anyone involved in pharmaceutical research, development, manufacture and testing, and plays a vital role in ensuring that all medicinal substances on the UK market meet standards of safety, quality and efficacy.The "BP" comprises monographs, which set out the mandatory standards for active substances, excipients and formulated preparations, together with supporting General Notices,...DOWNLOAD
Understanding Clinical Trials
This video will provide basic knowledge on Clinical Research and its process.
FDA Recommends Withdrawal of Midodrine
August 17, 2010 (Silver Spring, Maryland) — The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is recommending the withdrawal of midodrine hydrochloride, currently used in the treatment of low blood pressure, because there are insufficient data to support its benefit.The necessary postmarketing studies needed to show the drug is effective have not been done, according to the agency. As a result, the FDA is proposing the drug be withdrawn from the market.Midodrine is manufactured by Shire Development Inc, as well as by generic drug companies, and was approved in 1996 under a regulation that allowed accelerated approval for drugs to treat serious or life-threatening diseases. A condition of the approval, however, was that Shire, the maker of the brand-name drug (ProAmatine), prove the clinical benefit in postapproval studies. So far, neither Shire nor the generic companies have shown that the drug has any clinical benefit, such as improving the ability to perform daily activities.
This is the first time the FDA has issued a proposal to withdraw a drug approved under the accelerated approval regulations.
This is the first time the FDA has issued a proposal to withdraw a drug approved under the accelerated approval regulations.
Vacancy fo SAS Programmers/ CRA/ACRA
Sanjeevani Clinical Research Services
Experience::0 - 2 Years
Location:Ahmedabad, Hyderabad / Secunderabad, Visakhapatnam
Education:UG - Any Graduate - Any Specialization PG - Any PG Course - Any Specialization
Job Description :Candidate must have knowledge in following areas
- ICH-GCP
- icf
- crf designing
-Regulatory affairs
-Protocol Design
-SAS programming concepts,SAS/BASE,SAS/Macros,SAS/SQL
Contact :
Sanjeevani Clinical Research Services
Executive Name: Mr.Pavan/Ms.Priya
Email Address:hr@sanjeevanicro.com
Telephone:91-40-40038183
Experience::0 - 2 Years
Location:Ahmedabad, Hyderabad / Secunderabad, Visakhapatnam
Education:UG - Any Graduate - Any Specialization PG - Any PG Course - Any Specialization
Job Description :Candidate must have knowledge in following areas
- ICH-GCP
- icf
- crf designing
-Regulatory affairs
-Protocol Design
-SAS programming concepts,SAS/BASE,SAS/Macros,SAS/SQL
Contact :
Sanjeevani Clinical Research Services
Executive Name: Mr.Pavan/Ms.Priya
Email Address:hr@sanjeevanicro.com
Telephone:91-40-40038183
Enzymes Syllabus for GPAT
Introduction to Drug Action :
Definition:A very broad definition of a drug would include "all chemicals other than food that affect living processes." If the affect helps the body, the drug is a medicine. However, if a drug causes a harmful effect on the body, the drug is a poison. The same chemical can be a medicine and a poison depending on conditions of use and the person using it.Another definition would be "medicinal agents used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment of symptoms, and cure of diseases." Contraceptives would be outside of this definition unless pregnancy were considered a disease.
Disease Classification:
A disease is a condition of impaired health resulting from a disturbance in the structure or function of the body. Diseases may be classified into the following major categories:
1) Infections caused by viruses, ricketsia, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms
2) Allergic diseases caused by antigens and foreign substances
......................................etc
Download the Document for more info
Definition:A very broad definition of a drug would include "all chemicals other than food that affect living processes." If the affect helps the body, the drug is a medicine. However, if a drug causes a harmful effect on the body, the drug is a poison. The same chemical can be a medicine and a poison depending on conditions of use and the person using it.Another definition would be "medicinal agents used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment of symptoms, and cure of diseases." Contraceptives would be outside of this definition unless pregnancy were considered a disease.
Disease Classification:
A disease is a condition of impaired health resulting from a disturbance in the structure or function of the body. Diseases may be classified into the following major categories:
1) Infections caused by viruses, ricketsia, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms
2) Allergic diseases caused by antigens and foreign substances
......................................etc
Download the Document for more info
MIRTAZAPINE
Generic Name : MIRTAZAPINE
TradeName : MATIZ tab MAZ TAB tab MIRAMIND tab MIRAZEP tab MIRNITE tab MIRPINE film-coated tab MIRT film-coated tab MIRTACIN tab MIRTADEP tab MIRTAZ tab MIRZEST film-coated tab NASSA tab NUTAZ-15 film-coated tab NUTAZ-30 film-coated tab NUTAZ-7.5 film-coated tab RISTRA tab ZIPDEP tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for depression. It is an antidepressant. It alters certain activity of certain chemicals in the brain to maintain mental balance
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : Hypersensitivity to any component of the product or mirtazapine; concomitant use with MAOInhibitors.s.
When it is to be taken : Oral Initial: 15 mg/day; May increase gradually based on response. Usual range: 15-45 mg/day in1-2 divided doses.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet and as a disintegrating tablet to take by mouth. It usually is taken once a day at bedtime, with or without food.
Special Instruction :
*Avoid completely in unstable cases, epilepsy or history of seizures; *Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney damage; heart diseases, recent sudden heart attack, low blood pressure, diabetes, psychoses, and history of bipolar disorder, pregnancy and lactation, elderly. *Stop treatment if jaundice, urination disturbances, angle-closure glaucoma, raised intraocular pressure develops. *Monitor patient for signs of bone marrow depression and suicidal tendency. *It may cause drowsy, dizziness or impaired vision, do not drive a car or operate machineries while taking this medication.
Side Effects :
HEART
Hypertension, palpitation, postural hypotension, dilation of the blood vessels.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Drowsiness, loss of strength, dizziness, abnormal dreams, abnormal thinking, confusion, tremor, agitation, amnesia, anxiety, depression, headache, abnormal movements, and suicidal tendencies.
SKIN
Itching, rash.
GI
Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, acute abdominal syndrome, loss of appetite, diarrhea, impaired digestion, flatulence, vomiting.
GENITOURINARY
Urinary frequency, sexual dysfunction, urinary tract infection.
BLOOD
Decrease in white blood cells.
METABOLIC-NUTRITIONAL
Increased appetite, weight gain, peripheral edema, thirst.
MUSCULOSKELETAL
Back pain, muscle pain, joint pain, muscle weakness.
RESPIRATORY
Shortness of breath, increased cough, sinusitis.
MISCELLANEOUS
Flu syndrome, poor or indistinct vision, inflammation of pharynx, rhinitis, taste perversion, ringing the ears.
Other Precautions :
*Avoid abrupt withdrawal.
Storage Conditions :
Oral: Store at 15-30°C. Protect from light and moisture.
TradeName : MATIZ tab MAZ TAB tab MIRAMIND tab MIRAZEP tab MIRNITE tab MIRPINE film-coated tab MIRT film-coated tab MIRTACIN tab MIRTADEP tab MIRTAZ tab MIRZEST film-coated tab NASSA tab NUTAZ-15 film-coated tab NUTAZ-30 film-coated tab NUTAZ-7.5 film-coated tab RISTRA tab ZIPDEP tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for depression. It is an antidepressant. It alters certain activity of certain chemicals in the brain to maintain mental balance
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : Hypersensitivity to any component of the product or mirtazapine; concomitant use with MAOInhibitors.s.
When it is to be taken : Oral Initial: 15 mg/day; May increase gradually based on response. Usual range: 15-45 mg/day in1-2 divided doses.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet and as a disintegrating tablet to take by mouth. It usually is taken once a day at bedtime, with or without food.
Special Instruction :
*Avoid completely in unstable cases, epilepsy or history of seizures; *Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney damage; heart diseases, recent sudden heart attack, low blood pressure, diabetes, psychoses, and history of bipolar disorder, pregnancy and lactation, elderly. *Stop treatment if jaundice, urination disturbances, angle-closure glaucoma, raised intraocular pressure develops. *Monitor patient for signs of bone marrow depression and suicidal tendency. *It may cause drowsy, dizziness or impaired vision, do not drive a car or operate machineries while taking this medication.
Side Effects :
HEART
Hypertension, palpitation, postural hypotension, dilation of the blood vessels.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Drowsiness, loss of strength, dizziness, abnormal dreams, abnormal thinking, confusion, tremor, agitation, amnesia, anxiety, depression, headache, abnormal movements, and suicidal tendencies.
SKIN
Itching, rash.
GI
Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, acute abdominal syndrome, loss of appetite, diarrhea, impaired digestion, flatulence, vomiting.
GENITOURINARY
Urinary frequency, sexual dysfunction, urinary tract infection.
BLOOD
Decrease in white blood cells.
METABOLIC-NUTRITIONAL
Increased appetite, weight gain, peripheral edema, thirst.
MUSCULOSKELETAL
Back pain, muscle pain, joint pain, muscle weakness.
RESPIRATORY
Shortness of breath, increased cough, sinusitis.
MISCELLANEOUS
Flu syndrome, poor or indistinct vision, inflammation of pharynx, rhinitis, taste perversion, ringing the ears.
Other Precautions :
*Avoid abrupt withdrawal.
Storage Conditions :
Oral: Store at 15-30°C. Protect from light and moisture.
Misoprostol
Generic Name : Misoprostol
TradeName : Riprostil, Enprostil.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Misoprostol is used to prevent ulcers in people who take certain arthritis medications, including aspirin, that can cause ulcers. It protects the stomach lining and decreases stomach acid secretion.
When it is to be taken : Misoprostol usually is taken four times a day, after meals and at bedtime with food. Misoprostol must be taken regularly to be effective. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand. Women should not take their first dose until the second or third day of their menstrual period to be sure that they are not pregnant.
How it should be taken : Misoprostol comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Women who may be pregnant will have a blood test to make sure that they are not pregnant.
2. Do not stop taking misoprostol without consulting your doctor. Contact your doctor immediately if you vomit blood or have bloody or black, tarry stools. These symptoms may indicate that you have an ulcer.
3. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if yo have diarrhoea, omit the missed dose and take your next dose at the regularly scheduled time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
Side Effects :
1. Diarrhoea. Do not take misoprostol with antacids that contain magnesium. Ask your doctor for advice on what antacid to take.
2. If diarrhoea persists for more than a week, contact your doctor. Your dose of misoprostol may need to be reduced.
3. Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, gas, vomiting, constipation, digestion. If these effects are severe or persist, contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Do not use misoprostol if you are pregnant, think that you may be pregnant, or are breast-feeding. Misoprostol can cause miscarriages and serious bleeding if taken during pregnancy. Use a reliable birth-control method while taking this drug.
2. If you become pregnant while taking misoprostol, stop taking it and contact your doctor immediately.
3. Before taking misoprostol, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially antacids, aspirin medication.
4. Do not allow anyone else, particularly a woman who may become pregnant, to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store misoprostol in the container it came in, tightly closed, and away from excess heat. Keeep it out of the reach of children.
TradeName : Riprostil, Enprostil.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Misoprostol is used to prevent ulcers in people who take certain arthritis medications, including aspirin, that can cause ulcers. It protects the stomach lining and decreases stomach acid secretion.
When it is to be taken : Misoprostol usually is taken four times a day, after meals and at bedtime with food. Misoprostol must be taken regularly to be effective. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand. Women should not take their first dose until the second or third day of their menstrual period to be sure that they are not pregnant.
How it should be taken : Misoprostol comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Women who may be pregnant will have a blood test to make sure that they are not pregnant.
2. Do not stop taking misoprostol without consulting your doctor. Contact your doctor immediately if you vomit blood or have bloody or black, tarry stools. These symptoms may indicate that you have an ulcer.
3. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if yo have diarrhoea, omit the missed dose and take your next dose at the regularly scheduled time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
Side Effects :
1. Diarrhoea. Do not take misoprostol with antacids that contain magnesium. Ask your doctor for advice on what antacid to take.
2. If diarrhoea persists for more than a week, contact your doctor. Your dose of misoprostol may need to be reduced.
3. Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, gas, vomiting, constipation, digestion. If these effects are severe or persist, contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Do not use misoprostol if you are pregnant, think that you may be pregnant, or are breast-feeding. Misoprostol can cause miscarriages and serious bleeding if taken during pregnancy. Use a reliable birth-control method while taking this drug.
2. If you become pregnant while taking misoprostol, stop taking it and contact your doctor immediately.
3. Before taking misoprostol, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially antacids, aspirin medication.
4. Do not allow anyone else, particularly a woman who may become pregnant, to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store misoprostol in the container it came in, tightly closed, and away from excess heat. Keeep it out of the reach of children.
Mitomycin
Generic Name : Mitomycin
TradeName : Mitodus, Mitomycin – C, Mitonco
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mitomycin belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics. Mitomycin is chemotherapy that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. Mitomycin interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by mitomycin, other effects will also occur.
When it is to be taken : Mitomycin is to be administered only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor. It is available as Parenteral Injection.
How it should be taken : The dose of mitomycin will be different for different patients. The dose that is used may depend on a number of things, including what the medicine is being used for, the patient's size, and whether or not other medicines are also being taken. If you are
Special Instruction :
1. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to mitomycin.
2. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or if you intend to have children. There is a chance that this medicine may cause birth defects if either the male or female is taking it at the time of conception or if it is taken during pregnancy. Studies have shown that mitomycin causes birth defects in animals. In addition, many cancer medicines may cause sterility which could be permanent. Although sterility has not been reported with this medicine, the possibility should be kept in mind.
3. Be sure that you have discussed this with your doctor before taking this medicine. It is best to use some kind of birth control while you are receiving mitomycin. Tell your doctor right away if you think you have become pregnant while receiving mitomycin.
4. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding or if you intend to breast-feed during treatment with this medicine. Because mitomycin may cause serious side effects, breast-feeding is generally not recommended while you are receiving it.
Side Effects :
1. Black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; cough or hoarseness; fever or chills; lower back or side pain; painful or difficult urination; pinpoint red spots on skin; unusual bleeding or bruising are less common.
2. Redness or pain, especially at place of injection can occur.
3. Cough; decreased urination; shortness of breath; sores in mouth and on lips; swelling of feet or lower legs.
4. Mitomycin can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, there are certain precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding.
Other Precautions :
1. Although there is no specific information comparing use of mitomycin in children with use in other age groups, it is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
2. Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of mitomycin in the elderly with use in other age groups.
3. The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of mitomycin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: Bleeding problems, Chickenpox or Herpes zoster.
Storage Conditions :
Keep the drug away from children, as it is very harmful.
TradeName : Mitodus, Mitomycin – C, Mitonco
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mitomycin belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics. Mitomycin is chemotherapy that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. Mitomycin interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by mitomycin, other effects will also occur.
When it is to be taken : Mitomycin is to be administered only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor. It is available as Parenteral Injection.
How it should be taken : The dose of mitomycin will be different for different patients. The dose that is used may depend on a number of things, including what the medicine is being used for, the patient's size, and whether or not other medicines are also being taken. If you are
Special Instruction :
1. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to mitomycin.
2. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or if you intend to have children. There is a chance that this medicine may cause birth defects if either the male or female is taking it at the time of conception or if it is taken during pregnancy. Studies have shown that mitomycin causes birth defects in animals. In addition, many cancer medicines may cause sterility which could be permanent. Although sterility has not been reported with this medicine, the possibility should be kept in mind.
3. Be sure that you have discussed this with your doctor before taking this medicine. It is best to use some kind of birth control while you are receiving mitomycin. Tell your doctor right away if you think you have become pregnant while receiving mitomycin.
4. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding or if you intend to breast-feed during treatment with this medicine. Because mitomycin may cause serious side effects, breast-feeding is generally not recommended while you are receiving it.
Side Effects :
1. Black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; cough or hoarseness; fever or chills; lower back or side pain; painful or difficult urination; pinpoint red spots on skin; unusual bleeding or bruising are less common.
2. Redness or pain, especially at place of injection can occur.
3. Cough; decreased urination; shortness of breath; sores in mouth and on lips; swelling of feet or lower legs.
4. Mitomycin can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, there are certain precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding.
Other Precautions :
1. Although there is no specific information comparing use of mitomycin in children with use in other age groups, it is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
2. Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of mitomycin in the elderly with use in other age groups.
3. The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of mitomycin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: Bleeding problems, Chickenpox or Herpes zoster.
Storage Conditions :
Keep the drug away from children, as it is very harmful.
Mitotane
Generic Name : Mitotane
TradeName : Lysodren
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication prescribed for adrenal cortical cancer which is not treated with surgery. It is an anti-cancer agent which slows growth or reduces the size of the tumor.
When it is to be taken : Oral: Initially 2 to 6 g/day in divided doses, 3 or 4 times daily. Titrate at least 9 to 10 g/day until adverse reactions occur. The maximum tolerated dose ranges from 2 to 16 g/day.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet to take by mouth (orally). It is usually taken three to four times a day with or without food.
Special Instruction :
*It may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.*Monitor adrenal functions, neurological and behavioral signs. *Avoid using in children
Side Effects :
Cardiovascular: Hypertension, sudden fall in blood pressure, flushing. CNS: Lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo. SKIN: Skin toxicity. EENT: Non-inflammatory disease of the retina, visual blurring, double vision. GI: Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Genitourinary: Blood in urine, inflammation of the bladder, albumin is present in the urine. Miscellaneous: Generalized aching, extreme elevation of body temperature.
Other Precautions :
After trauma or severe shock, stop the medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Store it in air tight container and keep away from children.
TradeName : Lysodren
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication prescribed for adrenal cortical cancer which is not treated with surgery. It is an anti-cancer agent which slows growth or reduces the size of the tumor.
When it is to be taken : Oral: Initially 2 to 6 g/day in divided doses, 3 or 4 times daily. Titrate at least 9 to 10 g/day until adverse reactions occur. The maximum tolerated dose ranges from 2 to 16 g/day.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet to take by mouth (orally). It is usually taken three to four times a day with or without food.
Special Instruction :
*It may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.*Monitor adrenal functions, neurological and behavioral signs. *Avoid using in children
Side Effects :
Cardiovascular: Hypertension, sudden fall in blood pressure, flushing. CNS: Lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo. SKIN: Skin toxicity. EENT: Non-inflammatory disease of the retina, visual blurring, double vision. GI: Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Genitourinary: Blood in urine, inflammation of the bladder, albumin is present in the urine. Miscellaneous: Generalized aching, extreme elevation of body temperature.
Other Precautions :
After trauma or severe shock, stop the medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Store it in air tight container and keep away from children.
Mitoxantrone
Generic Name : Mitoxantrone
TradeName : Novantrone
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mitoxantrone is an antineoplastic agent which works by interfering with cell reproduction and growth, which helps reduce the number of cancer cells in the body.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : If you are allergic to any ingredient in Mitoxantrone or if you have multiple sclerosis along with certain heart problems
Missed a Dose? :
Contact your consultant for further instructions if you miss an appointment for your mitoxantrone injection.
How it should be taken : • Mitoxantrone is usually given as injection at hospital, or clinic. • If the vial contains particles or is discolored, or cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
Special Instruction :
• Mitoxantrone may turn urine a blue-green color. It may also cause the eyes to turn a bluish color which is normal and not a cause for concern. • It also can lower your body's ability to fight infection. • Avoid vaccinations with live vaccines (eg, measles, mumps, oral polio) while you are taking the drug
Side Effects :
Get immediate medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction like • signs of infection such as fever, chills, sore throat, flu symptoms, easy bruising or bleeding loss of appetite, mouth sores, unusual weakness; • feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion; • swelling, rapid weight gain; • urinating more or less than usual; • chest pain or tightness, trouble breathing; • black, bloody stools; • skin changes where the medicine
was injected.
Other Precautions :
• It may reduce the platelet counts in your blood. • Patients on Mitoxantrone have developed a type of leukemia. • Mitoxantrone is not recommended for use in CHILDREN because Safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed yet. • Mitoxantrone has been shown to cause damage to the fetus. If you become pregnant while on treatment, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Mitoxantrone during pregnancy.
Drug Interactions :
There may be other drugs that can interact with Mitoxantrone so kindly consult your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Drugs that cause interaction are • Amphotericin B • Antithyroid agents • Azathioprine • Chloramphenicol • Colchicine or • Flucytosine • Ganciclovir • Interferon • Plicamycin
Storage Conditions :
Store the drug in secure place.
TradeName : Novantrone
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mitoxantrone is an antineoplastic agent which works by interfering with cell reproduction and growth, which helps reduce the number of cancer cells in the body.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : If you are allergic to any ingredient in Mitoxantrone or if you have multiple sclerosis along with certain heart problems
Missed a Dose? :
Contact your consultant for further instructions if you miss an appointment for your mitoxantrone injection.
How it should be taken : • Mitoxantrone is usually given as injection at hospital, or clinic. • If the vial contains particles or is discolored, or cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
Special Instruction :
• Mitoxantrone may turn urine a blue-green color. It may also cause the eyes to turn a bluish color which is normal and not a cause for concern. • It also can lower your body's ability to fight infection. • Avoid vaccinations with live vaccines (eg, measles, mumps, oral polio) while you are taking the drug
Side Effects :
Get immediate medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction like • signs of infection such as fever, chills, sore throat, flu symptoms, easy bruising or bleeding loss of appetite, mouth sores, unusual weakness; • feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion; • swelling, rapid weight gain; • urinating more or less than usual; • chest pain or tightness, trouble breathing; • black, bloody stools; • skin changes where the medicine
was injected.
Other Precautions :
• It may reduce the platelet counts in your blood. • Patients on Mitoxantrone have developed a type of leukemia. • Mitoxantrone is not recommended for use in CHILDREN because Safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed yet. • Mitoxantrone has been shown to cause damage to the fetus. If you become pregnant while on treatment, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Mitoxantrone during pregnancy.
Drug Interactions :
There may be other drugs that can interact with Mitoxantrone so kindly consult your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Drugs that cause interaction are • Amphotericin B • Antithyroid agents • Azathioprine • Chloramphenicol • Colchicine or • Flucytosine • Ganciclovir • Interferon • Plicamycin
Storage Conditions :
Store the drug in secure place.
Modafinil
Generic Name : Modafinil
TradeName : Provake
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It is believed to act as a stimulant by decreasing GABA-mediated neurotransmission. It is used in the treatment of narcolepsy.
When it is to be taken : The usual dose is 200-400mg daily as a single morning dose or in 2 divided doses.
How it should be taken : It is available as tablets and taken orally.
Special Instruction :
The dose must be halved in hepatic or renal insufficiency.
Caution is required while operating machinery or driving.
Use carefully in patients dependent on any drugs.
B.P and heart rate to be monitored in people with hypertension.
Side Effects :
Insomnia, nervousness, aggression, headache, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances, palpitations, rash.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in severe hypertension, cardiac arrythmia, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity.
Storage Conditions :
Store in cool airtight place
TradeName : Provake
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It is believed to act as a stimulant by decreasing GABA-mediated neurotransmission. It is used in the treatment of narcolepsy.
When it is to be taken : The usual dose is 200-400mg daily as a single morning dose or in 2 divided doses.
How it should be taken : It is available as tablets and taken orally.
Special Instruction :
The dose must be halved in hepatic or renal insufficiency.
Caution is required while operating machinery or driving.
Use carefully in patients dependent on any drugs.
B.P and heart rate to be monitored in people with hypertension.
Side Effects :
Insomnia, nervousness, aggression, headache, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances, palpitations, rash.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in severe hypertension, cardiac arrythmia, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity.
Storage Conditions :
Store in cool airtight place
Montelukast
Generic Name : Montelukast
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : They act by interfering with blocking substances called leukotrienes.It is a oral leukotriene receptor antogonist.leukotrienes are a group of naturally occuring chemicals in the body that promote inflammation in asthma
and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
When it is to be taken : The medication is taken as 10 mgs tablets OD with or without food.the duration of therapy is from 3 -14 days.
How it should be taken : The medication comes in the form of 10 mgs tablets.
Special Instruction :
If found allergic to this drug stop taking.it may interfere with certain drugs like phenytoin,carbamazepine and phenobarbital
Side Effects :
Diarrohea,dizziness,cough,headache,vomitting,mouth pain and sore throat are the common side effects of this drug.
Other Precautions :
Use with caution in the case of pregnancy.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 15-30 degree celsius.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : They act by interfering with blocking substances called leukotrienes.It is a oral leukotriene receptor antogonist.leukotrienes are a group of naturally occuring chemicals in the body that promote inflammation in asthma
and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
When it is to be taken : The medication is taken as 10 mgs tablets OD with or without food.the duration of therapy is from 3 -14 days.
How it should be taken : The medication comes in the form of 10 mgs tablets.
Special Instruction :
If found allergic to this drug stop taking.it may interfere with certain drugs like phenytoin,carbamazepine and phenobarbital
Side Effects :
Diarrohea,dizziness,cough,headache,vomitting,mouth pain and sore throat are the common side effects of this drug.
Other Precautions :
Use with caution in the case of pregnancy.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 15-30 degree celsius.
Morphine
Generic Name : Morphine
TradeName : Morcontin, Rilemorf
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Morphine is used to relieve severe acute and severe chronic pain.
When it is to be taken : Morphine is usually taken every four hours as needed. Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Morphine comes in the form of tablets and liquid to be taken orally and in suppositories to be inserted rectally. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. To insert a morphine suppository into the rectum, follow these steps:
Special Instruction :
1. Morphine can be habit-forming. Do not take it more often or for a longer period than your doctor tells you to, and do not take more than the amount prescribed at each dose.
2. Do not increase your dose without consulting your doctor.
3. This drug may decrease mental alertness. Do not drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how the drug affects you.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea. Vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness. Lie down for a while. If these effects continue or are severe, contact your doctor.
2. Constipation, difficulty urinating. Contact your doctor.
3. Difficulty breathing. Alert family members or some other person who is likely to be nearby to call your doctor immediately if you have difficulty breathing or feel faint.
Other Precautions :
1. If you are allergic to codeine, tell your doctor before you take morphine.
2. Tell your doctor what drugs, including non prescription drugs, you are taking.
3. Do not take analgesics, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, antidepressants, sedatives, or any other medication while you are taking morphine unless your doctor tells you that you may.
4. Alcoholic beverages can add to the effects of morphine, causing dizziness, drowsiness, and stomach irritation.
5. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol.
6. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should inform their doctors before taking morphine.
7. Do not allow anyone else to take your medication. It is against the law.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep morphine in the container it came in and protect if from light.
2. Store it at room temperature.
3. Keep it out of the reach of children.
TradeName : Morcontin, Rilemorf
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Morphine is used to relieve severe acute and severe chronic pain.
When it is to be taken : Morphine is usually taken every four hours as needed. Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Morphine comes in the form of tablets and liquid to be taken orally and in suppositories to be inserted rectally. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. To insert a morphine suppository into the rectum, follow these steps:
Special Instruction :
1. Morphine can be habit-forming. Do not take it more often or for a longer period than your doctor tells you to, and do not take more than the amount prescribed at each dose.
2. Do not increase your dose without consulting your doctor.
3. This drug may decrease mental alertness. Do not drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how the drug affects you.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea. Vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness. Lie down for a while. If these effects continue or are severe, contact your doctor.
2. Constipation, difficulty urinating. Contact your doctor.
3. Difficulty breathing. Alert family members or some other person who is likely to be nearby to call your doctor immediately if you have difficulty breathing or feel faint.
Other Precautions :
1. If you are allergic to codeine, tell your doctor before you take morphine.
2. Tell your doctor what drugs, including non prescription drugs, you are taking.
3. Do not take analgesics, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, antidepressants, sedatives, or any other medication while you are taking morphine unless your doctor tells you that you may.
4. Alcoholic beverages can add to the effects of morphine, causing dizziness, drowsiness, and stomach irritation.
5. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol.
6. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should inform their doctors before taking morphine.
7. Do not allow anyone else to take your medication. It is against the law.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep morphine in the container it came in and protect if from light.
2. Store it at room temperature.
3. Keep it out of the reach of children.
Moxifluxacin Oral
Generic Name : Moxifluxacin Oral
TradeName : Avelox
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It acts by arresting the growth of bacteria.They belong to quinolone class of antibiotics.
When it is to be taken : The medication is taken orally by mouth with or without food OD.Drink plenty of fluids.Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed schedule is over.
How it should be taken : It comes in the form of powder in a packed container.
Special Instruction :
Don’t use the drug if your allergic to quinolone antibiotics,QTc prolongation,untreated low blood potassium levels,acute myocardial ischemia,bradycardia,seizures,braindisorders and dizziness.
Side Effects :
Diarrohea,tremor,suicide feeling,fainting,sore throat,numbness and trembling of hand.
Other Precautions :
Interferes with macrolide antibiotics,phenothiazines,antidepressants,theophylline.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 25 degree celsius.
TradeName : Avelox
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It acts by arresting the growth of bacteria.They belong to quinolone class of antibiotics.
When it is to be taken : The medication is taken orally by mouth with or without food OD.Drink plenty of fluids.Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed schedule is over.
How it should be taken : It comes in the form of powder in a packed container.
Special Instruction :
Don’t use the drug if your allergic to quinolone antibiotics,QTc prolongation,untreated low blood potassium levels,acute myocardial ischemia,bradycardia,seizures,braindisorders and dizziness.
Side Effects :
Diarrohea,tremor,suicide feeling,fainting,sore throat,numbness and trembling of hand.
Other Precautions :
Interferes with macrolide antibiotics,phenothiazines,antidepressants,theophylline.
Storage Conditions :
Store at 25 degree celsius.
Multivitamins
Generic Name : Multivitamins
TradeName : Abdec drops, Adexolin, Aglow, Arachitol, Arcalion , Arovit Drop, Basiton forte, Becadex drops, Becadexamin, Becoplus, Becoplus dry syrup, Becosulest caps, Becozym forte, Bectrion, Benadon, Benalgis, Beneuron, Beneuron forte, Beplex Elixir, Berin, Bestoplexliquid, Best
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Vitamins are natural substances that your body needs to grow, develop, and function normally. Vitamins are contained in food; a well-balanced diet usually provides all of the vitamins required. However, there are times, such as during pregnancy and childhood, when your body needs more vitamins than usual. During certain illness, your body either cannot get or cannot efficiently use all of the vitamins it needs. Multivitamins are prescribed for patients who need extra vitamins, who cannot eat enough food to obtain the required vitamins, or who cannot receive the full benefit of the vitamins contained in the food they eat.
When it is to be taken : Multivitamins are usually taken once a day. Follow the instructions provided on the label or by your doctor.
How it should be taken : Multivitamins come in the form of regular tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and oral liquid. If your vitamins come in dropper bottle, use the specially marked dropper to measure each dose. Your doctor will tell you if you need a specific type of vitami
Special Instruction :
1. Follow your doctor's dietary advice. A well-balanced diet provides adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals for healthy persons.
2. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if you remember a missed dose near the time you are scheduled to take the next dose, take only the scheduled one. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Side Effects :
Slight nausea, unpleasant taste. Take the multivitamins with food or right after eating along with a glass of water.
Other Precautions :
1. Multivitamins are available in high-dose formulations and in combination with iron, calcium, and minerals.
2. Do not take these formulations without your doctor's advice.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
TradeName : Abdec drops, Adexolin, Aglow, Arachitol, Arcalion , Arovit Drop, Basiton forte, Becadex drops, Becadexamin, Becoplus, Becoplus dry syrup, Becosulest caps, Becozym forte, Bectrion, Benadon, Benalgis, Beneuron, Beneuron forte, Beplex Elixir, Berin, Bestoplexliquid, Best
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Vitamins are natural substances that your body needs to grow, develop, and function normally. Vitamins are contained in food; a well-balanced diet usually provides all of the vitamins required. However, there are times, such as during pregnancy and childhood, when your body needs more vitamins than usual. During certain illness, your body either cannot get or cannot efficiently use all of the vitamins it needs. Multivitamins are prescribed for patients who need extra vitamins, who cannot eat enough food to obtain the required vitamins, or who cannot receive the full benefit of the vitamins contained in the food they eat.
When it is to be taken : Multivitamins are usually taken once a day. Follow the instructions provided on the label or by your doctor.
How it should be taken : Multivitamins come in the form of regular tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and oral liquid. If your vitamins come in dropper bottle, use the specially marked dropper to measure each dose. Your doctor will tell you if you need a specific type of vitami
Special Instruction :
1. Follow your doctor's dietary advice. A well-balanced diet provides adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals for healthy persons.
2. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if you remember a missed dose near the time you are scheduled to take the next dose, take only the scheduled one. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Side Effects :
Slight nausea, unpleasant taste. Take the multivitamins with food or right after eating along with a glass of water.
Other Precautions :
1. Multivitamins are available in high-dose formulations and in combination with iron, calcium, and minerals.
2. Do not take these formulations without your doctor's advice.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
Mupirocin
Generic Name : Mupirocin
TradeName : Bactroban, Mupirax, Supirocin, T-bact,
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mupirocin, an antibiotic, is used to treat impetigo as well as other skin infections caused by bacteria. It is not effective against fungal or viral infections.
When it is to be taken : Mupriocin usually is applied three times a day for one to two weeks. Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Mupirocin comes in an ointment that is applied to the skin. Wash the affected skin area thoroughly, and then gently apply a small amount of the ointment as a thin film. You may cover the area with a sterile gauze dressing. Do not apply mupirocin more freq
Special Instruction :
1. Do not apply mupirocin to your eyes.
2. Do not apply mupirocin to burns unless directed to do so by your doctor.
3. Increased absorption of one ingredient of this ointment could occur and cause harmful effects.
4. Do not apply cosmetics, lotions or other skin preparations to the treated area unless your doctor specifically tells you that you may.
5. If your infection does not improve within three to five days, contact your doctor.
6. It is important to apply all doses of this medication regularly, especially during the first few days of treatment, so that bacteria do not become resistant to mupirocin.
7. Try to apply mupirocin ointment at the same time that you do some other regular activity such as eating a meal.
Side Effects :
Burning, stinging, pain, itching, rash. These effects are usually mild and temporary. If they are severe or persist, contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially chloramphenicol.
2. Before using mupirocin, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease.
3. Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding should inform their doctors
4. Discard any unused medciation after your treatment course is completed. Do not use this drug for other skin problems
Storage Conditions :
Store mupirocin at room temperature and out of the reach of children.
TradeName : Bactroban, Mupirax, Supirocin, T-bact,
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Mupirocin, an antibiotic, is used to treat impetigo as well as other skin infections caused by bacteria. It is not effective against fungal or viral infections.
When it is to be taken : Mupriocin usually is applied three times a day for one to two weeks. Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Mupirocin comes in an ointment that is applied to the skin. Wash the affected skin area thoroughly, and then gently apply a small amount of the ointment as a thin film. You may cover the area with a sterile gauze dressing. Do not apply mupirocin more freq
Special Instruction :
1. Do not apply mupirocin to your eyes.
2. Do not apply mupirocin to burns unless directed to do so by your doctor.
3. Increased absorption of one ingredient of this ointment could occur and cause harmful effects.
4. Do not apply cosmetics, lotions or other skin preparations to the treated area unless your doctor specifically tells you that you may.
5. If your infection does not improve within three to five days, contact your doctor.
6. It is important to apply all doses of this medication regularly, especially during the first few days of treatment, so that bacteria do not become resistant to mupirocin.
7. Try to apply mupirocin ointment at the same time that you do some other regular activity such as eating a meal.
Side Effects :
Burning, stinging, pain, itching, rash. These effects are usually mild and temporary. If they are severe or persist, contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially chloramphenicol.
2. Before using mupirocin, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease.
3. Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding should inform their doctors
4. Discard any unused medciation after your treatment course is completed. Do not use this drug for other skin problems
Storage Conditions :
Store mupirocin at room temperature and out of the reach of children.
Minoxidil oral
Generic Name : Minoxidil oral
TradeName : Mintop, Multigain
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Minoxidil is used in combination with other medications (diuretics and beta blockers) to treat severe high blood pressure. It relaxes blood vessel walls so that blood flows more smoothly through them.
When it is to be taken : Minoxidil is usually taken once or twice a day. Minoxidil controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, minoxidil must be taken on a regular schedule, as prescribed by your doctor, to be effective. Follow the instruction on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Minoxidil comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Have your blood pressure checked regularly to determine your response to this medication. Keep all appointments with your doctor.
2. Your doctor may instruct you to measure your heart rate daily. Your doctor can show you how to do this. Contact your doctor if your heart rate increases by more than 20 beats per minute while at rest.
3. Weigh yourself every day and contact your doctor if you experience rapid weight gain.
4. If your doctor prescribes a low-salt or low-sodium diet, follow these dietary instructions carefully.
5. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember and take any remaining dose for that day at evenly spaced intervals. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, take only the scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Side Effects :
1. Lengthening, thickening, and darkening of fine body hair. This effect occurs three to six weeks after the start of treatment and disappears if the drug is discontinued. Use hair removers or shave.
2. Difficulty breathing especialy while lying down; dizziness; lightheadedness; fainting; rapid hearbeat; heartpain; rapid weightgain; swelling or puffiness of the face, hands, feet, ankles, lower legs, or stomach area; breast tenderness and enlargement; headache; nausea; skin rash. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should inform their doctors.
2. Before you take minoxidil, tell your doctor what prescription and non prescription medications you are taking, especially guanethidine, diuretics, and other medciations for high blood pressure.
3. Tell your doctor if you have heart disease, congestive heart failure, or kidney disease or if you have had a recent heart attack
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of chil
TradeName : Mintop, Multigain
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Minoxidil is used in combination with other medications (diuretics and beta blockers) to treat severe high blood pressure. It relaxes blood vessel walls so that blood flows more smoothly through them.
When it is to be taken : Minoxidil is usually taken once or twice a day. Minoxidil controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, minoxidil must be taken on a regular schedule, as prescribed by your doctor, to be effective. Follow the instruction on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Minoxidil comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Have your blood pressure checked regularly to determine your response to this medication. Keep all appointments with your doctor.
2. Your doctor may instruct you to measure your heart rate daily. Your doctor can show you how to do this. Contact your doctor if your heart rate increases by more than 20 beats per minute while at rest.
3. Weigh yourself every day and contact your doctor if you experience rapid weight gain.
4. If your doctor prescribes a low-salt or low-sodium diet, follow these dietary instructions carefully.
5. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember and take any remaining dose for that day at evenly spaced intervals. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, take only the scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Side Effects :
1. Lengthening, thickening, and darkening of fine body hair. This effect occurs three to six weeks after the start of treatment and disappears if the drug is discontinued. Use hair removers or shave.
2. Difficulty breathing especialy while lying down; dizziness; lightheadedness; fainting; rapid hearbeat; heartpain; rapid weightgain; swelling or puffiness of the face, hands, feet, ankles, lower legs, or stomach area; breast tenderness and enlargement; headache; nausea; skin rash. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should inform their doctors.
2. Before you take minoxidil, tell your doctor what prescription and non prescription medications you are taking, especially guanethidine, diuretics, and other medciations for high blood pressure.
3. Tell your doctor if you have heart disease, congestive heart failure, or kidney disease or if you have had a recent heart attack
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of chil
Minocycline
Generic Name : Minocycline
TradeName : Cynomycin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Minocycline, an antibiotic, eliminates bacteria that cause pneumonia, acne, and infections of the bladder, central nervous system, eye, and prostate.
When it is to be taken : Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand. Doses should be taken as far apart as possible throughout the day. For example, if your doctor tells you to take this drug twice a day, take a dose every 12 hours.
How it should be taken : Minocycline comes in the form of capsules, tablets, and oral liquid. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Minocycline should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals. Capsules and tablets should be
Special Instruction :
1. Take all of the medication prescribed, even after the infection appears to have gone away. Failure to do so could allow the infection to return.
2. Minocycline may make you dizzy or drowsy. Do nt drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
3. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. If yo have diabetes, minocycline can cause false results in some tests for sugar in the urine.
4. Check with your doctor before changing your diet or the dosage of your diabetes medicine.
5. Take minocycline at least one hour before or two hours after consuming dairy products such as milk and cheese.
6. Take it as soon as you remember and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea. Disregard the instruction to take this medication on an empty stomach. Take it with crackers or a snack, but no dairy products.
2. Skin rash, itching of the rectum or vagina, diarrhoea. If any of these problems are severe or persist for longer than two days, contact your doctor.
3. Dizziness, drowsiness, darkening or black discolouration of the tongue. These problems will go away when you stop taking minocycline.
4. Unusual bleeding or bruising, painful mouth, throat sores, chills, fever. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. If you have used all of the medication prescribed but still have symptoms, contact your doctor.
2. If your doctor tells you to stop taking minocycline, throw away any unused medication. Minocycline may lose its effectiveness and should not be saved to treat another infection.
3. Minocycline should not be taken by children under eight years of age, pregnant women, or women who are breast-feeding. Women who become pregnant while taking minocycline should inform their doctors.
4. Tell your doctor if you have liver disease or allergies. Because certain medciations affect how the body responds to minocycline, they should not be taken at the same time.
5. Minocycline should be taken two hours before or three hours after iron preparations. It should be taken atleast one hour before or two hours after antacids, laxatives, and calcium
suppplements.
6. Tell your doctor about all prescription and nonprescription medciations you are taking.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it, tightly closed, at room temperature.
TradeName : Cynomycin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Minocycline, an antibiotic, eliminates bacteria that cause pneumonia, acne, and infections of the bladder, central nervous system, eye, and prostate.
When it is to be taken : Follow the instructions on your prescription label, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand. Doses should be taken as far apart as possible throughout the day. For example, if your doctor tells you to take this drug twice a day, take a dose every 12 hours.
How it should be taken : Minocycline comes in the form of capsules, tablets, and oral liquid. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Minocycline should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals. Capsules and tablets should be
Special Instruction :
1. Take all of the medication prescribed, even after the infection appears to have gone away. Failure to do so could allow the infection to return.
2. Minocycline may make you dizzy or drowsy. Do nt drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
3. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. If yo have diabetes, minocycline can cause false results in some tests for sugar in the urine.
4. Check with your doctor before changing your diet or the dosage of your diabetes medicine.
5. Take minocycline at least one hour before or two hours after consuming dairy products such as milk and cheese.
6. Take it as soon as you remember and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea. Disregard the instruction to take this medication on an empty stomach. Take it with crackers or a snack, but no dairy products.
2. Skin rash, itching of the rectum or vagina, diarrhoea. If any of these problems are severe or persist for longer than two days, contact your doctor.
3. Dizziness, drowsiness, darkening or black discolouration of the tongue. These problems will go away when you stop taking minocycline.
4. Unusual bleeding or bruising, painful mouth, throat sores, chills, fever. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. If you have used all of the medication prescribed but still have symptoms, contact your doctor.
2. If your doctor tells you to stop taking minocycline, throw away any unused medication. Minocycline may lose its effectiveness and should not be saved to treat another infection.
3. Minocycline should not be taken by children under eight years of age, pregnant women, or women who are breast-feeding. Women who become pregnant while taking minocycline should inform their doctors.
4. Tell your doctor if you have liver disease or allergies. Because certain medciations affect how the body responds to minocycline, they should not be taken at the same time.
5. Minocycline should be taken two hours before or three hours after iron preparations. It should be taken atleast one hour before or two hours after antacids, laxatives, and calcium
suppplements.
6. Tell your doctor about all prescription and nonprescription medciations you are taking.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it, tightly closed, at room temperature.
MIFEPRISTONE
Generic Name : MIFEPRISTONE
TradeName : ABO PILL tab ABORTOM kit CEDATE tab ELMIF tab MEFIPIL tab MIFEBORT syr MIFEBORT tab MIFEGEST tab MIFEPRIN tab MIFERIV tab MISTONE tab MTPILL tab RELEZED tab TERMIPIL tab T-PILL + MISO tab UNDO tab UNWANTED tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for termination of pregnancy in women who have been less than 49 days pregnancy. It may be used with other medicines. It is a synthetic steroid. It blocks progesterone which is necessary for pregnancy to continue.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : Confirmed or suspected fertilized egg has implanted outside the uterus, chronic adrenal failure, concurrent long-term corticosteroid therapy, history of allergy to mifepristone, misoprostol or other prostaglandin, bleeding disorders, liver or kidney impairment; pregnancy and lactation; IUD in place; undiagnosed uterus mass.
When it is to be taken : Oral Termination of pregnancy (49 days or less duration) Adult: 600 mg as a single dose followed 2 days later by 400 mcg of misoprostol as single dose. Oral
How it should be taken : This medication available in the form of tablet to take by mouth with or without food, only under healthcare provider’s supervision. First time 2 tablets, if it is not work
Special Instruction :
*Do not use this if your pregnancy is outside the womb (ectopic pregnancy). It will not cause an abortion in this case. It may cause dizziness. *Do not drives, operate machinery, or do anything while taking this medication. *Caution should be exercised in patients with history of diabetes ; high blood pressure; porphyria (an inherited blood disease that may cause skin or nervous system problems); adrenal failure (problems with your adrenal glands); or heart, kidney, liver, or lung disease inform to your doctor before starting this medication.
Side Effects :
GENITOURINARY:
Excessive vaginal bleeding, uterus infections, uterus bleeding, urinary tract infection.
GI
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dizziness, headache, anxiety, unusual tiredness or weakness.
MISCELLANEOUS
Back pain, fever.
Other Precautions :
*Avoid smoking, alcohol consumption.
Storage Conditions :
Normally handled and stored by healthcare providers.
TradeName : ABO PILL tab ABORTOM kit CEDATE tab ELMIF tab MEFIPIL tab MIFEBORT syr MIFEBORT tab MIFEGEST tab MIFEPRIN tab MIFERIV tab MISTONE tab MTPILL tab RELEZED tab TERMIPIL tab T-PILL + MISO tab UNDO tab UNWANTED tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for termination of pregnancy in women who have been less than 49 days pregnancy. It may be used with other medicines. It is a synthetic steroid. It blocks progesterone which is necessary for pregnancy to continue.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : Confirmed or suspected fertilized egg has implanted outside the uterus, chronic adrenal failure, concurrent long-term corticosteroid therapy, history of allergy to mifepristone, misoprostol or other prostaglandin, bleeding disorders, liver or kidney impairment; pregnancy and lactation; IUD in place; undiagnosed uterus mass.
When it is to be taken : Oral Termination of pregnancy (49 days or less duration) Adult: 600 mg as a single dose followed 2 days later by 400 mcg of misoprostol as single dose. Oral
How it should be taken : This medication available in the form of tablet to take by mouth with or without food, only under healthcare provider’s supervision. First time 2 tablets, if it is not work
Special Instruction :
*Do not use this if your pregnancy is outside the womb (ectopic pregnancy). It will not cause an abortion in this case. It may cause dizziness. *Do not drives, operate machinery, or do anything while taking this medication. *Caution should be exercised in patients with history of diabetes ; high blood pressure; porphyria (an inherited blood disease that may cause skin or nervous system problems); adrenal failure (problems with your adrenal glands); or heart, kidney, liver, or lung disease inform to your doctor before starting this medication.
Side Effects :
GENITOURINARY:
Excessive vaginal bleeding, uterus infections, uterus bleeding, urinary tract infection.
GI
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dizziness, headache, anxiety, unusual tiredness or weakness.
MISCELLANEOUS
Back pain, fever.
Other Precautions :
*Avoid smoking, alcohol consumption.
Storage Conditions :
Normally handled and stored by healthcare providers.
Midazolam
Generic Name : Midazolam
TradeName : Clonotril, epitril, lonazep, lozep, ozepam, petril, xenotril, zicam, rivotrilopil
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Its action is not properly understood.It may interfere with GABA receptor uptake.it has high affinity for benzodiazepin ereceptors.It sedating properties.
When it is to be taken : Its onset of action is 1 hour.The action lasts for 2-6 hours.The dosage has to be individualised.Start with low dose and progressively (3-7days) till maintenance dose is reached (2-4 weeks).Start with 1.5 mg/day.Increase 0.5 mg till a maximum of 20 mgs daily.maintenance dose 4 to 8 mgs daily.childrens-0.01-0.03 mg/kg /day in 3 to 4 divided doses.Increase 0.25-0.5 mg/kg.
How it should be taken : This medication comes in the form of 0.25,0.2,0.5,1 and 2 mgs tablets.
Special Instruction :
Hypersensitivity leading to narrow angle glaucoma have been reported.
Side Effects :
Redness,apnoea,nausea,vomitting and hiccups are the side effects of the drug.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in the case of pregnancy and lactation.use with caution in the case of old age.
Storage Conditions :
store at room temperature.
TradeName : Clonotril, epitril, lonazep, lozep, ozepam, petril, xenotril, zicam, rivotrilopil
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Its action is not properly understood.It may interfere with GABA receptor uptake.it has high affinity for benzodiazepin ereceptors.It sedating properties.
When it is to be taken : Its onset of action is 1 hour.The action lasts for 2-6 hours.The dosage has to be individualised.Start with low dose and progressively (3-7days) till maintenance dose is reached (2-4 weeks).Start with 1.5 mg/day.Increase 0.5 mg till a maximum of 20 mgs daily.maintenance dose 4 to 8 mgs daily.childrens-0.01-0.03 mg/kg /day in 3 to 4 divided doses.Increase 0.25-0.5 mg/kg.
How it should be taken : This medication comes in the form of 0.25,0.2,0.5,1 and 2 mgs tablets.
Special Instruction :
Hypersensitivity leading to narrow angle glaucoma have been reported.
Side Effects :
Redness,apnoea,nausea,vomitting and hiccups are the side effects of the drug.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in the case of pregnancy and lactation.use with caution in the case of old age.
Storage Conditions :
store at room temperature.
Miconazole
Generic Name : Miconazole
TradeName : Canticid, Zole, Gyno-Daktarrin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Miconazole, an antifungal agent, is used for skin infections such as athlete's foot and jock itch and for vaginal yeast infections.
When it is to be taken :
1. Miconazole is usually used once or twice a day in the morning and evening for one month for athlete's foot or two weeks for other skin infections.
2. For vaginal infections, it is used once a day at bedtime for three or seven days. Miconazole must be used regularly to be effective.
3. Follow the instructions on the package or your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
4. It will probably take several days for improvement to be seen in skin infections.
How it should be taken : Miconazole comes in the form of cream, lotion, powder, spray liquid, and spray powder to be applied to the skin. It also comes in the form of cream and suppositories to be inserted into the vagina. The label on the package or your prescription label tells
Special Instruction :
1. Continue to use miconazole for as long as directed, even if you think that the infection has disappeared. Failure to use all of the medication could allow the infection to return. If you have used the medication as directed and still have symptoms of the infection, contact your doctor.
2. If you obtained the topical form of miconazole without a prescription and your symptoms do not improve within four weeks, stop using it and consult a doctor.
3. If this is the first time you have had vaginal itching and discomfort, consult a doctor before using miconazole. If a doctor has told you before that you had a yeast infection and you have the same symptoms again, use the vaginal cream or suppositories as directed on the package for seven consecutive days, preferably at night.
4. If you obtained miconazole vaginal cream or suppositories without a prescription and you do not improve within three days, or do not get well in seven days, contact your doctor.
5. If your symptoms return in less than two months, contact your doctor.
6. Do not use miconazole vaginally if you have abdominal, back, or shoulder pain; fever; or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Contact a doctor immediately.
7. If you have a vaginal infection, wear clean cotton panties, not panties made of nylon, rayon, or other synthetic fabrics.
8. Do not swallow this medication or allow it to get into your eyes.
9. Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to apply the next one, omit the missed dose completely and use only the regularly dose.
Side Effects :
Although side effects from miconzole are not common, they can occur. Increased burning, itching, irritation of the skin or vagina. Consult your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding should inform their doctors before using miconazole vaginal cream or suppositories.
2. Tell your doctor if you are using a condom for birth control and are being treated for a vaginal infection. Miconazole vaginal cream and suppositories can interact with the condoms, so you should use another method birth control.
Storage Conditions :
Keep miconazole in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it at room temperature.
TradeName : Canticid, Zole, Gyno-Daktarrin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Miconazole, an antifungal agent, is used for skin infections such as athlete's foot and jock itch and for vaginal yeast infections.
When it is to be taken :
1. Miconazole is usually used once or twice a day in the morning and evening for one month for athlete's foot or two weeks for other skin infections.
2. For vaginal infections, it is used once a day at bedtime for three or seven days. Miconazole must be used regularly to be effective.
3. Follow the instructions on the package or your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
4. It will probably take several days for improvement to be seen in skin infections.
How it should be taken : Miconazole comes in the form of cream, lotion, powder, spray liquid, and spray powder to be applied to the skin. It also comes in the form of cream and suppositories to be inserted into the vagina. The label on the package or your prescription label tells
Special Instruction :
1. Continue to use miconazole for as long as directed, even if you think that the infection has disappeared. Failure to use all of the medication could allow the infection to return. If you have used the medication as directed and still have symptoms of the infection, contact your doctor.
2. If you obtained the topical form of miconazole without a prescription and your symptoms do not improve within four weeks, stop using it and consult a doctor.
3. If this is the first time you have had vaginal itching and discomfort, consult a doctor before using miconazole. If a doctor has told you before that you had a yeast infection and you have the same symptoms again, use the vaginal cream or suppositories as directed on the package for seven consecutive days, preferably at night.
4. If you obtained miconazole vaginal cream or suppositories without a prescription and you do not improve within three days, or do not get well in seven days, contact your doctor.
5. If your symptoms return in less than two months, contact your doctor.
6. Do not use miconazole vaginally if you have abdominal, back, or shoulder pain; fever; or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Contact a doctor immediately.
7. If you have a vaginal infection, wear clean cotton panties, not panties made of nylon, rayon, or other synthetic fabrics.
8. Do not swallow this medication or allow it to get into your eyes.
9. Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to apply the next one, omit the missed dose completely and use only the regularly dose.
Side Effects :
Although side effects from miconzole are not common, they can occur. Increased burning, itching, irritation of the skin or vagina. Consult your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding should inform their doctors before using miconazole vaginal cream or suppositories.
2. Tell your doctor if you are using a condom for birth control and are being treated for a vaginal infection. Miconazole vaginal cream and suppositories can interact with the condoms, so you should use another method birth control.
Storage Conditions :
Keep miconazole in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it at room temperature.
Metronidazole Topical
Generic Name : Metronidazole Topical
TradeName : Metrogyl IV
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metronidazole is used to treat acne, a chronic condition in which the facial skin is inflamed and sores develop. Metronidazole decreases the redness and number of sores but may not be a cure.
When it is to be taken :
1. Metronidazole usually is used twice a day, in the morning and evening.
2. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
3. Your symptoms probably will improve within three weeks and continue to improve over the following six weeks or more.
4. Do not stop using metronidazole without consulting your doctor. Your symptoms may worsen when you stop the drug. Metronidazole is most effective when used regularly.
5. Try to apply it at the same time you do some other regular activity such as brushing your teeth in the morning and at bedtime.
How it should be taken : Metronidazole comes as a gel to be applied to your skin. Wash the affected area with mild soap and 15 to 20 minutes before applying the medication. Apply a thin layer of gel and rub it gently into the affected area. Do not allow the gel to contact your ey
Special Instruction :
1. Do not use Metronidazole more often than as instructed. Contact your doctor if your symptoms do not imrove or if they worsen.
2. Your doctor may advise you to stay out of the sun and wind and to avoid exposure to extreme heat and cold if they aggravate your symptoms.
3. Follow your doctor's advice. Your doctor may recommend that you avoid hot liquids, spicy food, alcohol, and certain other foods and beverages if they make your symptoms worse. Follow your doctor's dietary advice.
4. Apply it as soon as you remember but do not apply a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
Side Effects :
1. Increased skin redness, dryness, burning, irritation, stinging. Contact your doctor if these symptoms persist.
2. You may have to stop using metronidazole temporarily or use it less frequently.
3. Watery, tearing eyes. Keep metronidazole away from your eyes.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you use metronidazole, tell your doctor if you ever had a blood disease or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
2. Before you use this drug, tell your doctor if you ever had a blood disease or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
3. Before you use this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially anticoagulants.
4. Do not allow anyone else to use your medication. Another person's skin condition may be very different from yours.
Storage Conditions :
Store metronidazole gel at room temperature and out of the reach of children.
TradeName : Metrogyl IV
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metronidazole is used to treat acne, a chronic condition in which the facial skin is inflamed and sores develop. Metronidazole decreases the redness and number of sores but may not be a cure.
When it is to be taken :
1. Metronidazole usually is used twice a day, in the morning and evening.
2. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
3. Your symptoms probably will improve within three weeks and continue to improve over the following six weeks or more.
4. Do not stop using metronidazole without consulting your doctor. Your symptoms may worsen when you stop the drug. Metronidazole is most effective when used regularly.
5. Try to apply it at the same time you do some other regular activity such as brushing your teeth in the morning and at bedtime.
How it should be taken : Metronidazole comes as a gel to be applied to your skin. Wash the affected area with mild soap and 15 to 20 minutes before applying the medication. Apply a thin layer of gel and rub it gently into the affected area. Do not allow the gel to contact your ey
Special Instruction :
1. Do not use Metronidazole more often than as instructed. Contact your doctor if your symptoms do not imrove or if they worsen.
2. Your doctor may advise you to stay out of the sun and wind and to avoid exposure to extreme heat and cold if they aggravate your symptoms.
3. Follow your doctor's advice. Your doctor may recommend that you avoid hot liquids, spicy food, alcohol, and certain other foods and beverages if they make your symptoms worse. Follow your doctor's dietary advice.
4. Apply it as soon as you remember but do not apply a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
Side Effects :
1. Increased skin redness, dryness, burning, irritation, stinging. Contact your doctor if these symptoms persist.
2. You may have to stop using metronidazole temporarily or use it less frequently.
3. Watery, tearing eyes. Keep metronidazole away from your eyes.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you use metronidazole, tell your doctor if you ever had a blood disease or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
2. Before you use this drug, tell your doctor if you ever had a blood disease or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
3. Before you use this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially anticoagulants.
4. Do not allow anyone else to use your medication. Another person's skin condition may be very different from yours.
Storage Conditions :
Store metronidazole gel at room temperature and out of the reach of children.
Metronidazole Oral
Generic Name : Metronidazole Oral
TradeName : Aldezol, Anaerid S.I.V, Antamebin, Anistogyl, Compeba, Flagyl, Glucogyl, Iv metro, Metrogyl, Metron, Metron IV, Metronidazole IV, Monizole, Pozole-D, Unimezol
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metronidazole eliminates bacteria and other microorganisms that cause infections of the reproductive trct, intestine, and other areas.
When it is to be taken : Metronidazole usually is taken three times a day for seven days or longer. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Metronidazole comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. if you take this medication for a genital infection, your sexual partner should be treated at the same time, even if no symptoms of infection are present; the infection may be spread to another person during sexual intercourse. Avoid having intercourse until the infection is cured. If you do have intercourse, the male partner should wear a condom.
2. Do not douche if you have a vaginal infection unless your doctor tells you to do so.
3. Wear only clean, cotton panties until the infection is cured. Do not wear panties made of silk, nylon, or other synthetic fabrics; since these garmetns do not allow air to flow freely around the vagina, they create conditions favourable to the growth of infecting organisms.
4. Take all prescribed doses. Do not stop taking the drug even when your symptoms disappear. You must take metronidazole for as long as your doctor prescribes or your infection may return.
5. However, if your symptoms do not improve, if they become worse, or if they return after you finish the medication, contact your doctor.
6. Do not drink alcoholic beverages while taking metronidazole. Alcohol may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache
, sweating, and flushing. 7. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea, loss of appetite. Take metronidazole with food. If these effects persist, contact your doctor.
2. Dry mouth; sharp, unpleasant metallic taste. Chew sugarless gum or suck sugarless mints.
3. Pain, burning, or discomfort on urination; bladder irritation; increased urination; pelvic pressure; dry vagina or external female genitals; painful or difficult sexual intercourse. These effects should disappear after you finish taking the drug.
4. Dark or reddish-brown urine. This effect is harmless.
5. Furry tongue, mouth or tongue irritation, numbness or tingling of hands or feet, discharge from the vagina or irritation not present before taking the drug. Contact your doctor.
6. Rash, itching, stuffy nose, fever, joint, pain. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take metronidazole, tell your doctor if you have a history of blood or liver disease or if you are pregnant
or breast-feeding.
2. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially anticoagulants, disulfiram, and phenobarbital.
3. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it at room temprature.
TradeName : Aldezol, Anaerid S.I.V, Antamebin, Anistogyl, Compeba, Flagyl, Glucogyl, Iv metro, Metrogyl, Metron, Metron IV, Metronidazole IV, Monizole, Pozole-D, Unimezol
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metronidazole eliminates bacteria and other microorganisms that cause infections of the reproductive trct, intestine, and other areas.
When it is to be taken : Metronidazole usually is taken three times a day for seven days or longer. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor to explain any part that you do not understand.
How it should be taken : Metronidazole comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. if you take this medication for a genital infection, your sexual partner should be treated at the same time, even if no symptoms of infection are present; the infection may be spread to another person during sexual intercourse. Avoid having intercourse until the infection is cured. If you do have intercourse, the male partner should wear a condom.
2. Do not douche if you have a vaginal infection unless your doctor tells you to do so.
3. Wear only clean, cotton panties until the infection is cured. Do not wear panties made of silk, nylon, or other synthetic fabrics; since these garmetns do not allow air to flow freely around the vagina, they create conditions favourable to the growth of infecting organisms.
4. Take all prescribed doses. Do not stop taking the drug even when your symptoms disappear. You must take metronidazole for as long as your doctor prescribes or your infection may return.
5. However, if your symptoms do not improve, if they become worse, or if they return after you finish the medication, contact your doctor.
6. Do not drink alcoholic beverages while taking metronidazole. Alcohol may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache
, sweating, and flushing. 7. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea, loss of appetite. Take metronidazole with food. If these effects persist, contact your doctor.
2. Dry mouth; sharp, unpleasant metallic taste. Chew sugarless gum or suck sugarless mints.
3. Pain, burning, or discomfort on urination; bladder irritation; increased urination; pelvic pressure; dry vagina or external female genitals; painful or difficult sexual intercourse. These effects should disappear after you finish taking the drug.
4. Dark or reddish-brown urine. This effect is harmless.
5. Furry tongue, mouth or tongue irritation, numbness or tingling of hands or feet, discharge from the vagina or irritation not present before taking the drug. Contact your doctor.
6. Rash, itching, stuffy nose, fever, joint, pain. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take metronidazole, tell your doctor if you have a history of blood or liver disease or if you are pregnant
or breast-feeding.
2. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially anticoagulants, disulfiram, and phenobarbital.
3. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. Store it at room temprature.
Metoprolol
Generic Name : Metoprolol
TradeName : Betaloc, Lopresor, Metocard, Metolar,
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metoprolol is used to control high blood pressure and to prevent recurrence of heart pain i.e., angina and heart attacks.
When it is to be taken : Metoprolol usually is taken one to three times a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. This medication controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, it is important that you take metoprolol regularly. Try to take it at the same time each day.
How it should be taken : Metoprolol comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Take it with or immediately after meals.
Special Instruction :
1. Your doctor may ask you to check your pulse rate daily while taking this medication and will tell you how rapid it should be. Ask your doctor to teach you how to take your pulse. If your pulse is slower than it sould be, contact your doctor about taking the drug that day.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor so tht your response to this medication can be checked.
3. Do not stop taking metoprolol without consulting your doctor. Stopping the medication abruptly might make your condition worse.
4. Your doctor may prescribe a low-salt or low-sodium diet, tell you to stop smoking, and restrict your intake of alcohol. To obtain greatest benefit from this drug, you must follow these instructions.
5. Omit the missed dose and take only the next dose at its scheduled time. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Dizziness, tiredness, cold hands and feet, headache, nightmares, difficulty sleeping, nausea, heartburn, diarrhoea or constipation, gas. Contact your doctor if these symptoms are severe or persist.
2. Avoid taking your last dose of the day at bedtime if you have sleeping problems.
3. Shortness of breath, wheezing, difficulty breathing, skin rash, slow or irregular pulse, swelling of feet and lower legs, sudden weight gain, chest pain. Contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should inform their doctors.
2. Tell your doctor if you have a history of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or other lung disease; diabetes; heart disease; circulation problems; thyroid problems; or liver disease.
3. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially heart medication and medication for high blood pressure, allergies, or colds.
4. Before having surgery
, tell the doctor or dentist in charge that you are taking metoprolol.
5. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature and away from light.
TradeName : Betaloc, Lopresor, Metocard, Metolar,
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metoprolol is used to control high blood pressure and to prevent recurrence of heart pain i.e., angina and heart attacks.
When it is to be taken : Metoprolol usually is taken one to three times a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. This medication controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, it is important that you take metoprolol regularly. Try to take it at the same time each day.
How it should be taken : Metoprolol comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Take it with or immediately after meals.
Special Instruction :
1. Your doctor may ask you to check your pulse rate daily while taking this medication and will tell you how rapid it should be. Ask your doctor to teach you how to take your pulse. If your pulse is slower than it sould be, contact your doctor about taking the drug that day.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor so tht your response to this medication can be checked.
3. Do not stop taking metoprolol without consulting your doctor. Stopping the medication abruptly might make your condition worse.
4. Your doctor may prescribe a low-salt or low-sodium diet, tell you to stop smoking, and restrict your intake of alcohol. To obtain greatest benefit from this drug, you must follow these instructions.
5. Omit the missed dose and take only the next dose at its scheduled time. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Dizziness, tiredness, cold hands and feet, headache, nightmares, difficulty sleeping, nausea, heartburn, diarrhoea or constipation, gas. Contact your doctor if these symptoms are severe or persist.
2. Avoid taking your last dose of the day at bedtime if you have sleeping problems.
3. Shortness of breath, wheezing, difficulty breathing, skin rash, slow or irregular pulse, swelling of feet and lower legs, sudden weight gain, chest pain. Contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should inform their doctors.
2. Tell your doctor if you have a history of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or other lung disease; diabetes; heart disease; circulation problems; thyroid problems; or liver disease.
3. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially heart medication and medication for high blood pressure, allergies, or colds.
4. Before having surgery
, tell the doctor or dentist in charge that you are taking metoprolol.
5. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature and away from light.
Metolazone
Generic Name : Metolazone
TradeName : Xaroxolyn
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metolazone, a water pill, is used to treat high blod pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease. It causes the kidneys to elimate unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.
When it is to be taken : Metolazone is usually taken once a day or every other day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. It is best to take metolazone in the morning so that you will not have to go to the bathroom during the night. The medication begins to work within one hour after it is taken and goes on working for 12 to 24 hours.
How it should be taken : Metolazone comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
2. Do not stop taking metolazone without consulting your doctor. Be sure that you have enough medication on hand at all times.
3. Follow your doctor's dietary recommendations. They may include a low-salt or low-sodium diet, potassium supplements, and potassium-rich foods e.g., bananas and orange juice in your diet.
4. Take the missed dose if you remember it less than 12 hours before your next scheduled dose.
Side Effects :
1. Frequent urination. This problem should disappear after you take metolazone for a few weeks.
2. Bloated stomach, chest pain, chills, palpitations. If these problems are bothersome or get worse, contact your doctor.
3. Muscle weakness, cramps, thirst. Be sure that you are taking your potassium supplement correctly, if prescribed. Contact your doctor if these effects persist.
4. Fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, skin rash. Contact your doctor immediately.
5. Dizziness, lightheadedness. Try arising slowly from a sitting or lying position.
Other Precautions :
1. Before taking metolazone, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, gout, kidney or liver disease, or an allergy to sulfa drugs.
2. Inform your doctor if you develop severe vomiting or diarrhoea while taking metolazone.
3. Alcohol and sleep aids may increase the effects of metolazone, causing dizziness or lightheadness. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol and other medications.
4. Before taking metolazone, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially lithium, probenecid, medication for arthritis or pain, sleepig pills, and other medication for high blood pressure.
5. If you are taking cholestyramine, take it at least one hour after metolazone.
6. If you are pregnant or brest-feeding a baby, tell your doctor before taking metolazone. If you become pregnant while taking metolazone, contact your doctor immediately.
7. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor about your blood pressure medications.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came it, away from direct sunlight, and out of the reach of children.
2. Do not store it where there is a lot of moisture in the air, such as the bathroom.
TradeName : Xaroxolyn
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Metolazone, a water pill, is used to treat high blod pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease. It causes the kidneys to elimate unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.
When it is to be taken : Metolazone is usually taken once a day or every other day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. It is best to take metolazone in the morning so that you will not have to go to the bathroom during the night. The medication begins to work within one hour after it is taken and goes on working for 12 to 24 hours.
How it should be taken : Metolazone comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
2. Do not stop taking metolazone without consulting your doctor. Be sure that you have enough medication on hand at all times.
3. Follow your doctor's dietary recommendations. They may include a low-salt or low-sodium diet, potassium supplements, and potassium-rich foods e.g., bananas and orange juice in your diet.
4. Take the missed dose if you remember it less than 12 hours before your next scheduled dose.
Side Effects :
1. Frequent urination. This problem should disappear after you take metolazone for a few weeks.
2. Bloated stomach, chest pain, chills, palpitations. If these problems are bothersome or get worse, contact your doctor.
3. Muscle weakness, cramps, thirst. Be sure that you are taking your potassium supplement correctly, if prescribed. Contact your doctor if these effects persist.
4. Fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, skin rash. Contact your doctor immediately.
5. Dizziness, lightheadedness. Try arising slowly from a sitting or lying position.
Other Precautions :
1. Before taking metolazone, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, gout, kidney or liver disease, or an allergy to sulfa drugs.
2. Inform your doctor if you develop severe vomiting or diarrhoea while taking metolazone.
3. Alcohol and sleep aids may increase the effects of metolazone, causing dizziness or lightheadness. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol and other medications.
4. Before taking metolazone, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially lithium, probenecid, medication for arthritis or pain, sleepig pills, and other medication for high blood pressure.
5. If you are taking cholestyramine, take it at least one hour after metolazone.
6. If you are pregnant or brest-feeding a baby, tell your doctor before taking metolazone. If you become pregnant while taking metolazone, contact your doctor immediately.
7. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor about your blood pressure medications.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came it, away from direct sunlight, and out of the reach of children.
2. Do not store it where there is a lot of moisture in the air, such as the bathroom.
METOCLOPRAMIDE
Generic Name : METOCLOPRAMIDE
TradeName : BACNORM drops DONMET inj EMENIL inj EMENIL tab EMENORM inj EMENORM tab LABMET amp MAXERON inj MAXERON syr MAXERON tab MAXINORM tab METADRATE susp METADRATE tab METAJEX inj METARMIN INJ inj METOCLOP amp METOCLOP vial NAUSIFAR MPS gel NAUSIFAR MPS tab PERIGLO amp PERINORM dispertab PERINORM inj PERINORM syr PERINORM tab PERINORM-CD cap PROMET inj REGGI syr REGGI tab REGLAN inj REGLAN syr REGLAN tab REGLAN vial RIVNORM tab SIANORM inj SIGMET inj TOMID syr TOMID tab VOMINORM inj VOMINORM tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for heartburn and esophagitis due to GERD and for treating patients who have gastroparesis (partial paralysis of the stomach) and prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : GI hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction and perforation; pheochromocytoma; history of seizures, allergy, pregnancy and lactation.
When it is to be taken : Gastro-oesophageal reflux is 10-15 mg four times daily, 30 minutes before each meal. Gastroparesis is treated with 10 mg administered orally four times daily, 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime. Nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: Adults: IV 2 mg/kg by infusion 30 min before chemotherapy, repeated every 2 h for 2 doses, then every 3 h for 3 doses.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet, an orally disintegrating (dissolving) tablet, and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken 4 times a day on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime. Injection is administered by health care providers into the vein.
Special Instruction :
1. Caution needed for children, elderly, patients with history of liver or kidney disease, porphyria (group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, history of depression.
2. It may cause dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
3. Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness.
4. Do NOT take more than the recommended dose or use this medication for longer than 12 weeks without checking with your doctor.
5. Monitor patients on prolonged therapy. It may lead increased risk of tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements) in patients on prolonged or high-dose treatment.
Side Effects :
HEART- Acute heart failure, slow heart rate, fluid retention, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, fast heart rate.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- Drowsiness, fatigue, lassitude, restlessness, confusion, depression with suicidal ideation, dizziness, headache, sleeplessness, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome( life- threatening neurological disorder); tremor, involuntary body movements, uncontrolled spasm of muscles face, neck, limbs and body.
GI- Bowel disturbances, primarily diarrhea; nausea.
SKIN- Transient flushing of face or upper body with high IV doses.
HARMONE- Galactorrhea ( spontaneous flow of milk from the breast), breast enlargement in men, increase in serum prolactin.
Genitourinary- Absence of a menstrual period, elevation of aldosterone, fluid retention, impotence, incontinence, urinary frequency.
LIVER- Liver toxicity (rare).
BLOOD- Decrease in white blood cells, changes in hemoglobin.
Hypersensitivity- Rapid swelling of dermis, including glossal or laryngeal edema (rare), rash, itching.
Miscellaneous- Visual disturbances.
Other Precautions :
Insulin dosage or timing of dosage may require adjustment for diabetes patients.
Storage Conditions :
Injection: Store at 25 °C. Store it in airtight container and protect from light.
TradeName : BACNORM drops DONMET inj EMENIL inj EMENIL tab EMENORM inj EMENORM tab LABMET amp MAXERON inj MAXERON syr MAXERON tab MAXINORM tab METADRATE susp METADRATE tab METAJEX inj METARMIN INJ inj METOCLOP amp METOCLOP vial NAUSIFAR MPS gel NAUSIFAR MPS tab PERIGLO amp PERINORM dispertab PERINORM inj PERINORM syr PERINORM tab PERINORM-CD cap PROMET inj REGGI syr REGGI tab REGLAN inj REGLAN syr REGLAN tab REGLAN vial RIVNORM tab SIANORM inj SIGMET inj TOMID syr TOMID tab VOMINORM inj VOMINORM tab
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for heartburn and esophagitis due to GERD and for treating patients who have gastroparesis (partial paralysis of the stomach) and prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : GI hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction and perforation; pheochromocytoma; history of seizures, allergy, pregnancy and lactation.
When it is to be taken : Gastro-oesophageal reflux is 10-15 mg four times daily, 30 minutes before each meal. Gastroparesis is treated with 10 mg administered orally four times daily, 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime. Nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: Adults: IV 2 mg/kg by infusion 30 min before chemotherapy, repeated every 2 h for 2 doses, then every 3 h for 3 doses.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet, an orally disintegrating (dissolving) tablet, and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken 4 times a day on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime. Injection is administered by health care providers into the vein.
Special Instruction :
1. Caution needed for children, elderly, patients with history of liver or kidney disease, porphyria (group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, history of depression.
2. It may cause dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
3. Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness.
4. Do NOT take more than the recommended dose or use this medication for longer than 12 weeks without checking with your doctor.
5. Monitor patients on prolonged therapy. It may lead increased risk of tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements) in patients on prolonged or high-dose treatment.
Side Effects :
HEART- Acute heart failure, slow heart rate, fluid retention, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, fast heart rate.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- Drowsiness, fatigue, lassitude, restlessness, confusion, depression with suicidal ideation, dizziness, headache, sleeplessness, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome( life- threatening neurological disorder); tremor, involuntary body movements, uncontrolled spasm of muscles face, neck, limbs and body.
GI- Bowel disturbances, primarily diarrhea; nausea.
SKIN- Transient flushing of face or upper body with high IV doses.
HARMONE- Galactorrhea ( spontaneous flow of milk from the breast), breast enlargement in men, increase in serum prolactin.
Genitourinary- Absence of a menstrual period, elevation of aldosterone, fluid retention, impotence, incontinence, urinary frequency.
LIVER- Liver toxicity (rare).
BLOOD- Decrease in white blood cells, changes in hemoglobin.
Hypersensitivity- Rapid swelling of dermis, including glossal or laryngeal edema (rare), rash, itching.
Miscellaneous- Visual disturbances.
Other Precautions :
Insulin dosage or timing of dosage may require adjustment for diabetes patients.
Storage Conditions :
Injection: Store at 25 °C. Store it in airtight container and protect from light.
Methylprednisolone
Generic Name : Methylprednisolone
TradeName : Deltacortril, Hostacortin.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is similar to a natural hormone produced by your adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis and skin, blood, kidney, eye, thyroid, and intestinal disorders. Methylprednisolone is also used to treat certain types of cancer, severe allergies, and asthma.
When it is to be taken : For example, if your doctor tells you to take it three times a day, take it at 7 a.m., 3 p.m., and 11 p.m.
How it should be taken : Methylprednisolone comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. If you take methylprednisolone for a long time, you probably will have periodic blood tests; X-rays; eye examinations; blood pressure, and weight measurements; and physical examinations. Checkups are particularly important for children because this drug can slow bone growth.
2. Methylprednisolone must be taken regularly to be effective. However, do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer period than your doctor has directed.
3. If your condition worsens, contact your doctor; your dose may need to be adjusted.
4. Do not stop taking methylprednisolone without consulting your doctor. Stopping the drug abrubtly can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, stupor, headache, fever, joint and muscle pain, peeling skin, and weight loss.
5. If you take large doses for a long time, your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually to allow your body to adjust before stopping the drug completely.
6. Your doctor may instruct you to weigh yourself every day. Report any unusual weight gain.
7. Tell your doctor, dentist, and surgeon who treats you that you take methylpredniosolone, even if you stopped taking it in the last 12 months.
8. Your doctor may instruct you to follow a low-sodium, low-salt, potassium-rich, or high-protein diet. Follow these directions.
9. If you take methylprednisolone every other day and remember a missed dose on the morning of the day you should have taken it, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you remember a missed dose on that afternoon, start a new schedule. Take the missed dose on the next morning, do not take it at all on day two, and take the next dose on the morning of day three.
10. If you take methylprednisolone once a day, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you do not remember a missed dose until it is time for your next dose, omit the missed completely and take only the regularly scheduled dose.
11. If you take more than one dose a day, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it; then take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. If you remember a missed dose when it is time for you to take another, you may take both doses at one time.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea, vomiting, stomach irritation. Take this medication with food or milk. If these effects persist or your stools become black and tarry, contact your doctor.
2. Headache, dizziness, insomnia, restlessness, depression, anxiety, unusual moods, acne, thinned skin, increased sweating, increased hair growth, reddned face, easy bruising, tiny purple skin spots, irregular or absent menstrual periods. If these effects persist or are severe, contcat your doctor
3. Skin irritation, itching, or swelling. Contact your doctor at once.
4. Long-term thrapy problems: weight gain, swollen feet, ankles, and lower legs; muscle pain and weakness; eye pain; vision problems; puffy skin; a cold or infection that lasts a long time. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methylprednisolone, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially aspirin, arthritis medication, anticoagulants, diuretics, estrogen, phenytoin, rifampicin, and phenobarbital.
2. Do not have a vaccination, other immunization, or any skin test while you are taking methyprednisolone unless your doctor specifically tells you that you may.
3. Before you take methylprednisolone, tell your doctor if you are pregnant, think that you may be pregnant, wish to become pregnant, or breast-feeding. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. Methylprednisolone can harm an unborn or breast-fed baby.
4. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor if you are allergic to aspirin or tartrazine.
5. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor your entire medical history, particularly if you have liver, kidney, intestinal, or heart disease; an underactive thyroidgland; high blood pressure; myasthenia gravis; osteoporosis; herpes eye infection; or a history of tuberculosos (TB), seizures, ulcers, or blood clots.
6. If you have a history of ulcers or take large doses of aspirin or other arthritis medication, limit your consumption of alcoholic beverages while taking this drug.
7. Methylprednisolone can make your stomach and intestine more susceptible to the irritaing effects of alcohol, aspirin, and certain arthritis medications, increasing your risk of ulcers.
8. Report any injuries or signs of infection that occur during treatment and within 12 months after treatment with methylprednisolone.
9. Your dose may need to be adjusted or you may need to start taking the drug again.
10. If you have diabetes, methylprednisolone may increase your blood sugar level. Test your urine for sugar frequently and contact your doctor if sugar is present; your dose of diabetes medication and your diet may need to be changed.
11. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature.
TradeName : Deltacortril, Hostacortin.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is similar to a natural hormone produced by your adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis and skin, blood, kidney, eye, thyroid, and intestinal disorders. Methylprednisolone is also used to treat certain types of cancer, severe allergies, and asthma.
When it is to be taken : For example, if your doctor tells you to take it three times a day, take it at 7 a.m., 3 p.m., and 11 p.m.
How it should be taken : Methylprednisolone comes in tablet form. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. If you take methylprednisolone for a long time, you probably will have periodic blood tests; X-rays; eye examinations; blood pressure, and weight measurements; and physical examinations. Checkups are particularly important for children because this drug can slow bone growth.
2. Methylprednisolone must be taken regularly to be effective. However, do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer period than your doctor has directed.
3. If your condition worsens, contact your doctor; your dose may need to be adjusted.
4. Do not stop taking methylprednisolone without consulting your doctor. Stopping the drug abrubtly can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, stupor, headache, fever, joint and muscle pain, peeling skin, and weight loss.
5. If you take large doses for a long time, your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually to allow your body to adjust before stopping the drug completely.
6. Your doctor may instruct you to weigh yourself every day. Report any unusual weight gain.
7. Tell your doctor, dentist, and surgeon who treats you that you take methylpredniosolone, even if you stopped taking it in the last 12 months.
8. Your doctor may instruct you to follow a low-sodium, low-salt, potassium-rich, or high-protein diet. Follow these directions.
9. If you take methylprednisolone every other day and remember a missed dose on the morning of the day you should have taken it, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you remember a missed dose on that afternoon, start a new schedule. Take the missed dose on the next morning, do not take it at all on day two, and take the next dose on the morning of day three.
10. If you take methylprednisolone once a day, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you do not remember a missed dose until it is time for your next dose, omit the missed completely and take only the regularly scheduled dose.
11. If you take more than one dose a day, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it; then take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. If you remember a missed dose when it is time for you to take another, you may take both doses at one time.
Side Effects :
1. Nausea, vomiting, stomach irritation. Take this medication with food or milk. If these effects persist or your stools become black and tarry, contact your doctor.
2. Headache, dizziness, insomnia, restlessness, depression, anxiety, unusual moods, acne, thinned skin, increased sweating, increased hair growth, reddned face, easy bruising, tiny purple skin spots, irregular or absent menstrual periods. If these effects persist or are severe, contcat your doctor
3. Skin irritation, itching, or swelling. Contact your doctor at once.
4. Long-term thrapy problems: weight gain, swollen feet, ankles, and lower legs; muscle pain and weakness; eye pain; vision problems; puffy skin; a cold or infection that lasts a long time. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methylprednisolone, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially aspirin, arthritis medication, anticoagulants, diuretics, estrogen, phenytoin, rifampicin, and phenobarbital.
2. Do not have a vaccination, other immunization, or any skin test while you are taking methyprednisolone unless your doctor specifically tells you that you may.
3. Before you take methylprednisolone, tell your doctor if you are pregnant, think that you may be pregnant, wish to become pregnant, or breast-feeding. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. Methylprednisolone can harm an unborn or breast-fed baby.
4. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor if you are allergic to aspirin or tartrazine.
5. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor your entire medical history, particularly if you have liver, kidney, intestinal, or heart disease; an underactive thyroidgland; high blood pressure; myasthenia gravis; osteoporosis; herpes eye infection; or a history of tuberculosos (TB), seizures, ulcers, or blood clots.
6. If you have a history of ulcers or take large doses of aspirin or other arthritis medication, limit your consumption of alcoholic beverages while taking this drug.
7. Methylprednisolone can make your stomach and intestine more susceptible to the irritaing effects of alcohol, aspirin, and certain arthritis medications, increasing your risk of ulcers.
8. Report any injuries or signs of infection that occur during treatment and within 12 months after treatment with methylprednisolone.
9. Your dose may need to be adjusted or you may need to start taking the drug again.
10. If you have diabetes, methylprednisolone may increase your blood sugar level. Test your urine for sugar frequently and contact your doctor if sugar is present; your dose of diabetes medication and your diet may need to be changed.
11. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature.
Methylphenidate
Generic Name : Methylphenidate
TradeName : Retalin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methylphenidate is used to treat some behaviour disorders in children. It is also used to treat narcolepsy (uncontrolled desire for sleep) and mild depression.
When it is to be taken : Children usually take methylphenidate twice a day, before breakfast and lunch. Adults with narcolepsy usually take it two or three times a day, 30 to 45 minutes before meals. Follow the instructions on the prescription label carefully. The last dose of the day should be taken at least several hours before bedtime because the drug can cause sleeplessness.
How it should be taken : Methylphenidate comes in the form of regular tablets and extended-release, long-acting tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Do not take more of it or take it more often than as prescribed; Methylphenidate can be habit-
Special Instruction :
1. If your condition worsens, contact your doctor
. Your dose may need to be changed. Do not stop taking this drug without consulting your doctor, especially if you have been taking it for a long time.
2. Methylphenidate may cause dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how it affects you.
3. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. You may hve blood tests periodically, especially if you take the drug for a long time.
4. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. Take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals, but avoid taking it at or near bedtime. If you remember a missed dose near the time you are scheduled to take the next one, take only the regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Nervousness, difficulty sleeping. Contact your doctor if these effects are severe or bothersome.
2. Skin rash, loss of appetite, dizziness, drowsiness, heart palpitations, fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. If you have epilepsy, a history of seizures, glaucoma, high blood pressure, severe anxiety, alcoholism, drug dependence, or mental illness, tell your doctor before you take methylphenidate.
2. Before you take methylphenidate, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription durgs you are taking, especially anticoagulants and medications for seizures, mental depression
, or high blood pressure.
3. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly colsed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature, away from heat and light.
TradeName : Retalin
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methylphenidate is used to treat some behaviour disorders in children. It is also used to treat narcolepsy (uncontrolled desire for sleep) and mild depression.
When it is to be taken : Children usually take methylphenidate twice a day, before breakfast and lunch. Adults with narcolepsy usually take it two or three times a day, 30 to 45 minutes before meals. Follow the instructions on the prescription label carefully. The last dose of the day should be taken at least several hours before bedtime because the drug can cause sleeplessness.
How it should be taken : Methylphenidate comes in the form of regular tablets and extended-release, long-acting tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Do not take more of it or take it more often than as prescribed; Methylphenidate can be habit-
Special Instruction :
1. If your condition worsens, contact your doctor
. Your dose may need to be changed. Do not stop taking this drug without consulting your doctor, especially if you have been taking it for a long time.
2. Methylphenidate may cause dizziness. Do not drive a car or operate dangerous machinery until you know how it affects you.
3. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. You may hve blood tests periodically, especially if you take the drug for a long time.
4. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. Take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals, but avoid taking it at or near bedtime. If you remember a missed dose near the time you are scheduled to take the next one, take only the regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Nervousness, difficulty sleeping. Contact your doctor if these effects are severe or bothersome.
2. Skin rash, loss of appetite, dizziness, drowsiness, heart palpitations, fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising. Contact your doctor.
Other Precautions :
1. If you have epilepsy, a history of seizures, glaucoma, high blood pressure, severe anxiety, alcoholism, drug dependence, or mental illness, tell your doctor before you take methylphenidate.
2. Before you take methylphenidate, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription durgs you are taking, especially anticoagulants and medications for seizures, mental depression
, or high blood pressure.
3. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly colsed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature, away from heat and light.
Methyldopa
Generic Name : Methyldopa
TradeName : Alphadopa, Dopagyt, Sembrina
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methyldopa controls high blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more smoothly through the body.
When it is to be taken : Methyldopa is usually taken two to four times a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. Methyldopa controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, it is important that you take this medication regularly. You may need to take Methyldopa for two or three days before feeling its full effects.
How it should be taken : Methyldopa comes in the form of tablets and oral liquid. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. The liquid bottle should be shaken well before each dose. You may obtain a specially marked measuring spoon to be sure of an accurate
Special Instruction :
1. Methyldopa makes some people drowsy. Do not drive a care or operate dangerous machinery until you know whether you will experience this side effect; it usually occurs within 48 to 72 hours after you begin to take Methyldopa or after a dose increase.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
3. Do not stop taking Methyldopa without consulting your doctor.
4. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to take the next one, take only one dose.
Side Effects :
1. Drowsiness. This side effect should disappear as you continue to take the medication.
2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, nasal congestion. Contact your doctor if these effects persist or are severe.
3. Dizziness, lighteadedness. Try getting up slowly from a lying or sitting position.
4. Decreased sexual ability, fever, enlarged breasts, uncontrollable movements, unusual bleeding or bruising, yellowing of the eyes or skin, weight gain, swelling of the ankles. Talk to your doctor; your dose or your medication may need to be changed.
Other Precautions :
1. If you ever had a liver problem, tell your doctor before taking Methyldopa. Some drugs may cause undesired effects when taken with Methyldopa.
2. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially Levodopa, lithium, medication for depression, and tranquilizers.
3. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell your doctor about your blood pressure medications.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children.
2. Store the oral liquid in the refrigerator or in a cool place at room temperature.
3. Store the tablets at room temperature.
TradeName : Alphadopa, Dopagyt, Sembrina
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methyldopa controls high blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more smoothly through the body.
When it is to be taken : Methyldopa is usually taken two to four times a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. Methyldopa controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Therefore, it is important that you take this medication regularly. You may need to take Methyldopa for two or three days before feeling its full effects.
How it should be taken : Methyldopa comes in the form of tablets and oral liquid. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. The liquid bottle should be shaken well before each dose. You may obtain a specially marked measuring spoon to be sure of an accurate
Special Instruction :
1. Methyldopa makes some people drowsy. Do not drive a care or operate dangerous machinery until you know whether you will experience this side effect; it usually occurs within 48 to 72 hours after you begin to take Methyldopa or after a dose increase.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
3. Do not stop taking Methyldopa without consulting your doctor.
4. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to take the next one, take only one dose.
Side Effects :
1. Drowsiness. This side effect should disappear as you continue to take the medication.
2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, nasal congestion. Contact your doctor if these effects persist or are severe.
3. Dizziness, lighteadedness. Try getting up slowly from a lying or sitting position.
4. Decreased sexual ability, fever, enlarged breasts, uncontrollable movements, unusual bleeding or bruising, yellowing of the eyes or skin, weight gain, swelling of the ankles. Talk to your doctor; your dose or your medication may need to be changed.
Other Precautions :
1. If you ever had a liver problem, tell your doctor before taking Methyldopa. Some drugs may cause undesired effects when taken with Methyldopa.
2. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially Levodopa, lithium, medication for depression, and tranquilizers.
3. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell your doctor about your blood pressure medications.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children.
2. Store the oral liquid in the refrigerator or in a cool place at room temperature.
3. Store the tablets at room temperature.
Methyclothiazide
Generic Name : Methyclothiazide
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methyclothiazide, a water pill, is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease. It causes the kidneys to eliminate unneeded water and salt from the body.
When it is to be taken : Methyclothiazide is usually taken once a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. It is best to take this medication in the morning, after breakfast, to avoid going to the bathroom during the night. Methyclothiazide begins to work about two hours after it is taken and goes on working for about 24 hours.
How it should be taken : Methyclothiazide comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
2. Do not stop taking methyclothiazide without consulting your doctor.
3. Special dietary instructions should be followed. Follow your doctor’s recommendations. They may include a low-salt or low-sodium diet, potassium supplements, and potassium-rich foods like bananas and orange juice in your diet.
4. If you forget to take a dose, omit it. Take your regular dose at the next scheduled time.
Side Effects :
1. Frequent urination. This problem should disappear after you take methyclothiazide for a few weeks.
2. Muscle weakness, cramps, thirst. Be sure that you are taking your potassium supplement correctly, if prescribed.
3. Contact your doctor if these effects persist.
4. Sore throat, easy bruising, skin rash. Contact your doctor immediately. 5. Dizziness, lightheadedness. Try arising slowly from a sitting or lying position.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methyclothiazide, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, diabetes, gout, or an allergy to sulfa drugs.
2. Inform your doctor if you develop severe vomiting or diarrhoea while taking this medication.
3. Alcohol and sleep aids may increase the side effects of methyclothiazide, causing dizziness or lightheadedness when you arise from a sitting or lying position.
4. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol and other medications.
5. Before taking methyclothiazide, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially lithium, probenecid, medication for arthritis or pain, sleeping pills, or other medication for high blood pressure.
6. If you are taking cholestyramine, take it at least one hour after methyclothiazide.
7. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor about your blood pressure medications.
8. Before you begin to take methyclothiazide, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
9. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication the container it came in and out of the reach of children.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methyclothiazide, a water pill, is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease. It causes the kidneys to eliminate unneeded water and salt from the body.
When it is to be taken : Methyclothiazide is usually taken once a day. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. It is best to take this medication in the morning, after breakfast, to avoid going to the bathroom during the night. Methyclothiazide begins to work about two hours after it is taken and goes on working for about 24 hours.
How it should be taken : Methyclothiazide comes in the form of tablets. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Keep all appointments with your doctor. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests may be done occasionally.
2. Do not stop taking methyclothiazide without consulting your doctor.
3. Special dietary instructions should be followed. Follow your doctor’s recommendations. They may include a low-salt or low-sodium diet, potassium supplements, and potassium-rich foods like bananas and orange juice in your diet.
4. If you forget to take a dose, omit it. Take your regular dose at the next scheduled time.
Side Effects :
1. Frequent urination. This problem should disappear after you take methyclothiazide for a few weeks.
2. Muscle weakness, cramps, thirst. Be sure that you are taking your potassium supplement correctly, if prescribed.
3. Contact your doctor if these effects persist.
4. Sore throat, easy bruising, skin rash. Contact your doctor immediately. 5. Dizziness, lightheadedness. Try arising slowly from a sitting or lying position.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methyclothiazide, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, diabetes, gout, or an allergy to sulfa drugs.
2. Inform your doctor if you develop severe vomiting or diarrhoea while taking this medication.
3. Alcohol and sleep aids may increase the side effects of methyclothiazide, causing dizziness or lightheadedness when you arise from a sitting or lying position.
4. Ask your doctor for advice about the safe use of alcohol and other medications.
5. Before taking methyclothiazide, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially lithium, probenecid, medication for arthritis or pain, sleeping pills, or other medication for high blood pressure.
6. If you are taking cholestyramine, take it at least one hour after methyclothiazide.
7. Before having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor about your blood pressure medications.
8. Before you begin to take methyclothiazide, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
9. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Keep this medication the container it came in and out of the reach of children.
Methoxsalen
Generic Name : Methoxsalen
TradeName : Meladerm,Melanocyl.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It is a photosensitiser and is used for the repigmenation of vitiliginous areas.
When it is to be taken : 1.Orally it is given twice a week 2-4 hours before UV exposure with a gap of 48 hours between treatments
2.Topically it is used once a week.
How it should be taken : It is available as tablets or as a solution.The solution is diluted to .1-.01% and applied on the lesions and exposed at once or within 2 hours to UV.
Special Instruction :
It is important that the medication is applied only on the lesions.The surrounding areas should be covered with sunscreen.After treatment the solution should be washed off and the skin protected from sunlight.
It is to be used with caution in pregnancy
,lactation and hepatic impairment.
Foods containing figs,lime,mustard,carrots,parsnips and celery may increase its effect.
Side Effects :
When taken orally its adverse reactions are nausea,insomnia and deprssion.
Topical use may cause itching,edema,headache
,dizziness.
The risk of skin cancer is increased.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity,children,cataract,skin cancer.
Storage Conditions :
Keep in cool place and away from children.
TradeName : Meladerm,Melanocyl.
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : It is a photosensitiser and is used for the repigmenation of vitiliginous areas.
When it is to be taken : 1.Orally it is given twice a week 2-4 hours before UV exposure with a gap of 48 hours between treatments
2.Topically it is used once a week.
How it should be taken : It is available as tablets or as a solution.The solution is diluted to .1-.01% and applied on the lesions and exposed at once or within 2 hours to UV.
Special Instruction :
It is important that the medication is applied only on the lesions.The surrounding areas should be covered with sunscreen.After treatment the solution should be washed off and the skin protected from sunlight.
It is to be used with caution in pregnancy
,lactation and hepatic impairment.
Foods containing figs,lime,mustard,carrots,parsnips and celery may increase its effect.
Side Effects :
When taken orally its adverse reactions are nausea,insomnia and deprssion.
Topical use may cause itching,edema,headache
,dizziness.
The risk of skin cancer is increased.
Other Precautions :
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity,children,cataract,skin cancer.
Storage Conditions :
Keep in cool place and away from children.
METHOTREXATE
Generic Name : METHOTREXATE
TradeName : ALLTREX tab ALLTREX vial BIOTREXATE tab BIOTREXATE vial CARDITREX inj CARDITREX tab DERMATREX tab FOLITRAX amp FOLITRAX tab HI-TREX tab IMUTREX inj IMUTREX tab MEREX vial METHOCIP INJ inj METHOREX tab METHOREX vial METOREX INJ. vial METREX tab METREX vial MEXATE tab MEXATE vial NEOTREXATE tab ONCOTREX inj ONCOTREX tab ONOTREX inj ONOTREX tab PLASTOMET tab PLASTOMET vial REMTREX tab REMTREX vial REXTOP GEL gel TEVATREX inj TREX inj TREX tab TRIXILEM tab UNITREXATE vial VIBZI tab ZEXATE inj ZEXATE tab ZEXATE VIAL via
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for certain types of cancer (gestational choriocarcinoma, chorioadenoma destruens, hydatidiform mole; treatment and prophylaxis of acute (meningeal) lymphocytic leukemia; treatment of breast cancer, epidermoid cancers of head and neck, advanced mycosis fungoides, and lung cancer; in combination therapy in advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma; as adjunct in high doses followed by leucovorin rescue in nonmetastatic osteosarcoma), severe psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in certain patients. It may be used alone or with other medicines. In cancer treatment, it stops the multiplication of cancer cells, in RA, it suppresses excessive activity of immune system and so reducing inflammation, in psoriasis, it prevents the excessive division and multiplication of skin cells that causes skin scaling and raised plaques.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : In nursing mothers. In patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate is contraindicated in pregnancy, alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, chronic liver disease, overt or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency syndrome, and preexisting blood dyscrasias (eg, low white blood cells, platelets); hypersensitivity to the drug.
When it is to be taken : Oral Burkitt's lymphoma 10-25 mg/day for 4-8 days, repeat after 7-10 days. Oral & IMChoriocarcinoma(Ectopic Pregnancy) 15-30 mg/day for 5 days, repeat after an interval of at least 1 wk for 3-5 courses. Mycosis fungoides 2.5-10 mg/day to induce remission. Rheumatoid arthritis 7.5 mg once wkly, adjust if needed. Up to 20 mg/wk. Crohn's disease 12.5-22.5 mg once wkly for up to 1 yr. PO/IV/IM Psoriasis 10-25 mg once wkly, adjust subsequent doses if needed. IV Osteosarcoma 12-15 g/m2 as infusion, followed by folinic acid. Breast cancer 10-60 mg/m2 often w/ cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil. Advanced lymphosarcoma Up to 30 mg/kg, followed by folinic acid rescue. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Maintenance: 2.5 mg/kg every 14 days.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, and injection for IM, with or without food.
Special Instruction :
Caution should be exercised in patients with liver or kidney problems, blood disorders, diarrhea, and stomach problems. If vomiting or diarrhea occurs, you will need to take care not to become dehydrated. It may cause liver or kidney impairment, bone marrow depression, ulcerative disorders of the GI tract. Avoid become pregnant while taking this medication. Monitor hematological, renal and hepatic function and GI toxicity regularly. Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking this medication.
Side Effects :
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dizziness, fatigue; headache; language disorder; weakness; paresis; convulsions; destruction of the myelin sheaths (IV after cranio spinal irradiation); inflammation of the arachnoid (a covering of the brain); transient paresis; nerve damage. SKIN
Redness of the skin, rashes, itching, loss of hair, hives, photosensitivity; pigmentary changes; skin discoloration; dilatation of blood vessels; acne; furunculosis; aggravation of psoriasis by ultraviolet light; severe allergic reactions.
EYE AND ENT
Blurred vision, inflammation of the gums, inflammation of pharynx.
GI
Nausea, vomiting; enteritis, mouth ulcer, diarrhea; abdominal distress (common); loss of appetite; blood in vomit, blood in stool, GI ulceration and bleeding.
GENITOURINARY
Renal failure; blood contains excess amount nitrogen, inflammation of the urinary bladder; blood in urine; severe kidney disease; reproductive disorders; infertility; abortion; fetal defects.
BLOOD
Deficiency of all three blood cell types, bone marrow depression, anemia, bleeding, presence of bacteria in the blood (septicemia).
LIVER
Elevated LFTs (liver function test); liver damage.
RESPIRATORb
Deaths from interstitial pneumonia; chronic interstitial obstructive lung disease.
MISCELLANEOUS
Malaise; chills, fever, lower resistance to infections, joint pain, muscle pain, diabetes, osteoporosis, allergic reactions, sudden death.
Other Precautions :
Do not take medicines containing aspirin, ibuprofen or folic acid while taking this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store intact vials at room temperature (15-25°C). Keep this medication in airtight container.
TradeName : ALLTREX tab ALLTREX vial BIOTREXATE tab BIOTREXATE vial CARDITREX inj CARDITREX tab DERMATREX tab FOLITRAX amp FOLITRAX tab HI-TREX tab IMUTREX inj IMUTREX tab MEREX vial METHOCIP INJ inj METHOREX tab METHOREX vial METOREX INJ. vial METREX tab METREX vial MEXATE tab MEXATE vial NEOTREXATE tab ONCOTREX inj ONCOTREX tab ONOTREX inj ONOTREX tab PLASTOMET tab PLASTOMET vial REMTREX tab REMTREX vial REXTOP GEL gel TEVATREX inj TREX inj TREX tab TRIXILEM tab UNITREXATE vial VIBZI tab ZEXATE inj ZEXATE tab ZEXATE VIAL via
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is prescribed for certain types of cancer (gestational choriocarcinoma, chorioadenoma destruens, hydatidiform mole; treatment and prophylaxis of acute (meningeal) lymphocytic leukemia; treatment of breast cancer, epidermoid cancers of head and neck, advanced mycosis fungoides, and lung cancer; in combination therapy in advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma; as adjunct in high doses followed by leucovorin rescue in nonmetastatic osteosarcoma), severe psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in certain patients. It may be used alone or with other medicines. In cancer treatment, it stops the multiplication of cancer cells, in RA, it suppresses excessive activity of immune system and so reducing inflammation, in psoriasis, it prevents the excessive division and multiplication of skin cells that causes skin scaling and raised plaques.
When it is not to be taken (Contraindications) : In nursing mothers. In patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate is contraindicated in pregnancy, alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, chronic liver disease, overt or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency syndrome, and preexisting blood dyscrasias (eg, low white blood cells, platelets); hypersensitivity to the drug.
When it is to be taken : Oral Burkitt's lymphoma 10-25 mg/day for 4-8 days, repeat after 7-10 days. Oral & IMChoriocarcinoma(Ectopic Pregnancy) 15-30 mg/day for 5 days, repeat after an interval of at least 1 wk for 3-5 courses. Mycosis fungoides 2.5-10 mg/day to induce remission. Rheumatoid arthritis 7.5 mg once wkly, adjust if needed. Up to 20 mg/wk. Crohn's disease 12.5-22.5 mg once wkly for up to 1 yr. PO/IV/IM Psoriasis 10-25 mg once wkly, adjust subsequent doses if needed. IV Osteosarcoma 12-15 g/m2 as infusion, followed by folinic acid. Breast cancer 10-60 mg/m2 often w/ cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil. Advanced lymphosarcoma Up to 30 mg/kg, followed by folinic acid rescue. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Maintenance: 2.5 mg/kg every 14 days.
How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, and injection for IM, with or without food.
Special Instruction :
Caution should be exercised in patients with liver or kidney problems, blood disorders, diarrhea, and stomach problems. If vomiting or diarrhea occurs, you will need to take care not to become dehydrated. It may cause liver or kidney impairment, bone marrow depression, ulcerative disorders of the GI tract. Avoid become pregnant while taking this medication. Monitor hematological, renal and hepatic function and GI toxicity regularly. Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking this medication.
Side Effects :
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dizziness, fatigue; headache; language disorder; weakness; paresis; convulsions; destruction of the myelin sheaths (IV after cranio spinal irradiation); inflammation of the arachnoid (a covering of the brain); transient paresis; nerve damage. SKIN
Redness of the skin, rashes, itching, loss of hair, hives, photosensitivity; pigmentary changes; skin discoloration; dilatation of blood vessels; acne; furunculosis; aggravation of psoriasis by ultraviolet light; severe allergic reactions.
EYE AND ENT
Blurred vision, inflammation of the gums, inflammation of pharynx.
GI
Nausea, vomiting; enteritis, mouth ulcer, diarrhea; abdominal distress (common); loss of appetite; blood in vomit, blood in stool, GI ulceration and bleeding.
GENITOURINARY
Renal failure; blood contains excess amount nitrogen, inflammation of the urinary bladder; blood in urine; severe kidney disease; reproductive disorders; infertility; abortion; fetal defects.
BLOOD
Deficiency of all three blood cell types, bone marrow depression, anemia, bleeding, presence of bacteria in the blood (septicemia).
LIVER
Elevated LFTs (liver function test); liver damage.
RESPIRATORb
Deaths from interstitial pneumonia; chronic interstitial obstructive lung disease.
MISCELLANEOUS
Malaise; chills, fever, lower resistance to infections, joint pain, muscle pain, diabetes, osteoporosis, allergic reactions, sudden death.
Other Precautions :
Do not take medicines containing aspirin, ibuprofen or folic acid while taking this medication.
Storage Conditions :
Store intact vials at room temperature (15-25°C). Keep this medication in airtight container.
Methosuximide
Generic Name : Methosuximide
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methosuximide acts on the brain and nervous system to control seizures and convulsions.
When it is to be taken : Methosuximide usually is taken once a day at first, but the dosage may be gradually increased to two to four times a day.
How it should be taken : Methosuximide comes in the form of capsules. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Methosuximide causes dizziness, blurred vision, incoordination, and drowsiness. Do not drive a car or operate any dangerous machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so that your doctor can monitor your response to this drug. Your dose may need to be adjusted frequently, especially when you first take methosuximide. You probably will have blood and urine tests periodically.
3. Do not stop taking this drug without consulting your doctor. Stopping the drug abruptly can cause seizures. Your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually.
4. Take methosuximide exactly as your doctor has directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more or less often than as instructed.
5. If convulsions or seizures continue, contact your doctor. Be sure that you have enough medication on hand at all times.
6. If you give this drug to a child, observe and keep a record of the child’s behavior, moods, and seizures. Ask the child's teacher to keep a similar record. This information can help the child’s doctor determine whether to continue the drug or to change the dose or drug.
7. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. However, if you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to take the next dose, omit the missed dose completely. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Blurred vision, sensitivity to light. If vision problems occur in bright light, wear dark glasses. If these problems persist, contact your doctor.
2. Nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhoea or constipation, loss of appetite, stomach or abdominal pain. Take the drug with food or lots of water. If these effects persist or are severe, contact your doctor.
3. Headache, drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination, irritability, nervousness, hiccups, insomnia, confusion, depression
. Contact your doctor if these effects are severe or persist.
4. Red, itchy skin rash; fever; sore throat; bloody nose; unusual bleeding: easy bruising; tiny purple-colored skin spots; yellowing of skin and eyes and dark urine. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methosuximide, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or think that you may be pregnant or breast-feeding, if you have kidney or liver disease, or if you ever had a bad reaction to ethosuximide.
2. Methosuximide can affect the action of other drugs, and many drugs can affect the action of methsuximide. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially other seizure medication, isoniazid, medication for depression, doxycycline, and birth-control pills.
3. Use caution when drinking alcoholic beverages or taking over-the-counter sleeping pills or antihistamines; these substances can add to the drowsiness caused by methosuximide.
4. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature.
Generic Name : Methosuximide
Why it is prescribed (Indications) : Methosuximide acts on the brain and nervous system to control seizures and convulsions.
When it is to be taken : Methosuximide usually is taken once a day at first, but the dosage may be gradually increased to two to four times a day.
How it should be taken : Methosuximide comes in the form of capsules. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose.
Special Instruction :
1. Methosuximide causes dizziness, blurred vision, incoordination, and drowsiness. Do not drive a car or operate any dangerous machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
2. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so that your doctor can monitor your response to this drug. Your dose may need to be adjusted frequently, especially when you first take methosuximide. You probably will have blood and urine tests periodically.
3. Do not stop taking this drug without consulting your doctor. Stopping the drug abruptly can cause seizures. Your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually.
4. Take methosuximide exactly as your doctor has directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more or less often than as instructed.
5. If convulsions or seizures continue, contact your doctor. Be sure that you have enough medication on hand at all times.
6. If you give this drug to a child, observe and keep a record of the child’s behavior, moods, and seizures. Ask the child's teacher to keep a similar record. This information can help the child’s doctor determine whether to continue the drug or to change the dose or drug.
7. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. However, if you remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to take the next dose, omit the missed dose completely. Do not take a double dose.
Side Effects :
1. Blurred vision, sensitivity to light. If vision problems occur in bright light, wear dark glasses. If these problems persist, contact your doctor.
2. Nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhoea or constipation, loss of appetite, stomach or abdominal pain. Take the drug with food or lots of water. If these effects persist or are severe, contact your doctor.
3. Headache, drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination, irritability, nervousness, hiccups, insomnia, confusion, depression
. Contact your doctor if these effects are severe or persist.
4. Red, itchy skin rash; fever; sore throat; bloody nose; unusual bleeding: easy bruising; tiny purple-colored skin spots; yellowing of skin and eyes and dark urine. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately.
Other Precautions :
1. Before you take methosuximide, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or think that you may be pregnant or breast-feeding, if you have kidney or liver disease, or if you ever had a bad reaction to ethosuximide.
2. Methosuximide can affect the action of other drugs, and many drugs can affect the action of methsuximide. Before you take this drug, tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially other seizure medication, isoniazid, medication for depression, doxycycline, and birth-control pills.
3. Use caution when drinking alcoholic beverages or taking over-the-counter sleeping pills or antihistamines; these substances can add to the drowsiness caused by methosuximide.
4. Do not allow anyone else to take this medication.
Storage Conditions :
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children.
2. Store it at room temperature.
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